Improved visibility of colorectal tumor by texture and color enhancement imaging with indigo carmine

Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of polyps

Polyps, n	81
Histological subtype, n
Tubular adenoma	50
Sessile serrated lesion	15
Hyperplastic polyp	16
Location; n, cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum	7, 18, 39, 6, 9, 2
Size, average (standard deviation, range); mm	5.8 (3.67, 1-20)
Morphology; n, 0-Is, 0-IIa, 0-IIb	1, 76, 4

Table 2 Visibility scores of margin and surface for white light imaging, texture and color enhancement imaging, chromoendoscopy and texture and color enhancement imaging + chromoendoscopy

	WLI	TXI	CE	TXI + CE	WLI vs TXI, P value	TXI vs CE, P value	CE vs TXI + CE, P value
Margin, mean (SD)	2.44 (0.93)	2.90 (0.93)	3.37 (0.74)	3.75 (0.49)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Surface, mean (SD)	2.25 (0.80)	2.84 (0.84)	3.12 (0.72)	3.51 (0.60)	< 0.001	< 0.01	< 0.001

The visibility score was defined as follows: Score 4, excellent (easily detectable); score 3, good (detectable without careful observation); score 2, fair (hardly detectable without careful examination); score 1, (not detectable without repeated careful examination). WLI: White light imaging; TXI: Texture and color enhancement imaging; CE: Chromoendoscopy; TXI + CE: Texture and color enhancement imaging + chromoendoscopy.

Table 3 Visibility scores of margin and surface of adenomas for white light imaging, texture and color enhancement imaging, chromoendoscopy and texture and color enhancement imaging + chromoendoscopy

	WLI	TXI	CE	TXI + CE	WLI vs TXI, P value	TXI vs CE, P value	CE vs TXI + CE, P value
Margin, mean (SD)	2.54 (0.84)	3.00 (0.85)	3.46 (0.72)	3.81 (0.42)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Surface, mean (SD)	2.34 (0.75)	2.93 (0.79)	3.19 (0.70)	3.58 (0.56)	< 0.001	NS	< 0.001

The visibility score was defined as follows: Score 4, excellent (easily detectable); score 3, good (detectable without careful observation); score 2, fair (hardly detectable without careful examination); score 1, (not detectable without repeated careful examination). NS: Not significant; WLI: White light imaging; TXI: Texture and color enhancement imaging; CE: Chromoendoscopy; TXI + CE: Texture and color enhancement imaging + chromoendoscopy.

Table 4 Visibility scores of margin and surface of serrated polyps for white light imaging, texture and color enhancement imaging, chromoendoscopy and texture and color enhancement imaging + chromoendoscopy

	WLI	TXI	CE	TXI + CE	WLI vs TXI, P value	TXI vs CE, P value	CE vs TXI + CE, P value
Margine, mean (SD)	2.29 (1.05)	2.73 (1.03)	3.23 (0.75)	3.63 (0.56)	< 0.05	< 0.05	< 0.01
Surface, mean (SD)	2.11 (0.86)	2.69 (0.89)	3.01 (0.75)	3.41 (0.66)	< 0.001	NS	< 0.01

The visibility score was defined as follows: Score 4, excellent (easily detectable); score 3, good (detectable without careful observation); score 2, fair (hardly detectable without careful examination); score 1, (not detectable without repeated careful examination). NS: Not significant; WLI: White light imaging; TXI: Texture and color enhancement imaging; CE: Chromoendoscopy; TXI + CE: Texture and color enhancement imaging + chromoendoscopy.