Endoscopic treatment of primary aorto-enteric fistulas: A case report and review of literature

Table 1 Cases of primary aorto-enteric fistula

	Tsai et al[18]	Lee et al[19]	Kim et al[20]	Mok et al[21]	Present case
Age in year, Sex	69, male	86, female	63, male	67, male	74, male
Anatomic location	Third part of duodenum	Sigmoid colon	Second part of duodenum	Oesophago-jejunal anastomosis	Third part of duodenum
Cause of PAEF	Aortic aneurysm	Aortic aneurysm	Aortic aneurysm	Infectious thoracic pseudo-aneurysm; oesophago-jejunal anastomotic leak	Aortic aneurysm
Endoscopic finding	Vessel-like bleeding with blood clot adhesion	Nodular lesion with central dimpling (small, depressed area)	Active bleeding	Oozing blood and blood clot	Mucosal erosion/nodular lesion with central depression and blood clot; Pulsating aorta underneath
Endoscopic treatment	Epinephrine and haemoclips	Electro-coagulation and haemoclips	Haemoclips alone	Fibrin sealant	Haemoclips alone
Endoscopic outcome	Successful haemostasis	Initial haemostasis, rebleeding	Successful haemostasis	Successful closure of fistula	Successful haemostasis
Following treatment	Open surgical repair of the aneurysm and bowel	Angiographic embolization	Endovascular stent repair with angiographic embolization and open surgical repair of the bowel	Endovascular stent repair with drainage of aneurysm sac (performed before endoscopic treatment)	None
Outcome	Alive at 24 mo follow-up	Died during the angiographic procedure	Alive at 12 mo follow-up	Alive at 14 mo follow-up	Died 14 mo after endoscopy

PAEF: Primary aorto-enteric fistula.