Comparison of the reverse bevel versus Franseen type endoscopic ultrasound needle

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients included in this study (n = 226)

Baseline characteristic	22G RB needle (n = 128)	22G FG needle (n = 98)	P value
	n (%) or (mean ± SD)	n (%) or (mean ± SD)
Location of lesion
Gut wall lesions1	17 (13)	13 (13.3)	0.55
Pancreatic lesions	65 (51)	58 (59.2)
Lymph node	23 (18)	15 (15.3)
Extramural lesions2	23 (18)	12 (12.2)
Lesion nature
Solid	124 (97)	92 (94)	0.34
Mixed	4 (3)	6 (6)
Lesion size (mm)	35.0 (20.9)	36.0 (16.0)	0.67
Age (year)	66.3 (12.4)	68.1 (11.6)	0.29
Gender
Female	58 (45)	39 (40)	0.42
Male	70 (55)	59 (60)
Presence of trainee
Yes	39 (30)	40 (41)	0.12
No	89 (70)	58 (59)
Number of passes	3.1 (0.8)	3.2 (0.7)	0.77
Contrast sonovue
Yes	1 (1)	4 (4)	0.17
No	127 (99)	94 (96)

¹Gut wall lesions include oesophageal, gastric, duodenal or rectal wall lesions.

²Extramural lesions-does not include pancreatic lesions and lymph node. RB: Reverse bevel; FG: Franseen geometry.

Table 2 Factors associated with tissue adequacy-univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis

	Univariable analysis			Multivariable analysis
Factors	Insufficient tissue (C1) (n = 29)	Sufficient tissue (C2-C5) (n = 197)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
	n (%) or (mean ± SD)	n (%) or (mean ± SD)
FNB needle useda
22G RB needle	22 (76)	106 (59)	0.03	3.01 (1.15-7.86)	0.02
22G FG needle	7 (24)	91 (41)
Gender
Female	12 (41)	85 (43)	1.00
Male	17 (59)	112 (57)
Age (years)	66.7 (16.4)	67.2 (11.4)	0.88
Presence of trainee
Yes	7 (24)	72 (37)	0.22
No	22 (76)	125 (63)
Location of lesiona
Gut wall lesions1	6 (20)	24 (12)	< 0.01	2.64 (0.85-8.19)	0.09
Pancreatic lesions	8 (28)	115 (58)		9.42 (3.51–25.33)	< 0.01
Lymph node	15 (52)	23 (12)		1.18 (0.00–669.44)	0.99
Extramural lesions2	0 (0)	35 (18)		1.00
Lesion size (mm)	30.1 (20.4)	36.2 (18.6)	0.11
Lesion nature
Solid	27 (94)	189 (96)	0.62
Mixed	2 (6)	8 (4)
Number of passes made	3.1 (0.7)	3.1 (0.8)	0.61
Sonovue contrast
Yes	1 (97)	4 (2)	0.50
No	28 (3)	193 (98)

^aParameters with a P < 0.10 on univariable analysis were included in the multivariable analysis and these parameters are indicated by an asterisk.

¹Gut wall lesions include oesophageal, gastric, duodenal or rectal wall lesions.

²Extramural lesions do not include pancreatic lesions and lymph node. Tissue adequacy: C1: Insufficient; C2: Benign; C3: Atypical; C4: Suspicious; C5: Malignant. FNB: Fine needle biopsy; RB: Reverse bevel; FG: Franseen geometry.

Table 3 Factors associated with number of cell groups-univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis

	Univariable analysis			Multivariable analysis
Factors	< 50 cell clusters (n = 138)	≥ 50 cell clusters (n = 88)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
	n (%) or (mean ± SD)	n (%) or (mean ± SD)
FNB needle useda
22G RB needle	85 (62)	43 (49)	0.07	1.79 (1.02 - 3.12)	0.04
22G FG needle	53 (38)	45 (51)
Gender
Female	65 (47)	32 (36)	0.13
Male	73 (53)	56 (64)
Age (yr)	66.8 (12.3)	67.5 (11.7)	0.67
Presence of trainee
Yes	44 (32)	35 (40)	0.25
No	94 (68)	53 (60)
Location of lesion
Gut wall lesions1	20 (14)	10 (11)	0.39
Pancreatic lesions	78 (57)	45 (51)
Lymph node	23 (17)	15 (17)
Extramural lesions2	17 (12)	18 (21)
Lesion size (mm)a	33.1 (16.9)	39.0 (21.2)	0.02	1.02 (1.00 – 1.03)	0.02
Lesion naturea
Solid	129 (93)	87 (99)	0.09	0.13 (0.02 - 1.10)	0.06
Mixed	9 (7)	1 (1)
Number of passes made	3.1 (0.8)	3.2 (0.8)	0.65
Sonovue contrast
Yes	3 (2)	2 (2)	1.00
No	135 (98)	86 (98)

^aParameters with a P < 0.10 on univariable analysis were included in the multivariable analysis and these parameters are indicated by an asterisk.

¹Gut wall lesions include oesophageal, gastric, duodenal or rectal wall lesions.

²Extramural lesions do not include pancreatic lesions and lymph node. FNB: Fine needle biopsy; RB: Reverse bevel; FG: Franseen geometry.