Endoscopic characteristics of small intestinal malignant tumors observed by balloon-assisted enteroscopy

Table 1 Patients’ characteristics

	Group 1 (epithelial)	Group 2 (malignant lymphoma)	Group 3 (GIST)	P-value
Age (mean ± SD)	62.9 ± 13.7	67.7 ± 7.1	67.0 ± 11.9	0.47
Symptom (%)
Epigastric pain	25.0 (4/16)	27.3 (6/22)	0 (0/6)	0.36
Melena	25.0 (4/16)	13.6 (3/22)	16.7 (1/6)	0.67
Weight loss	6.3 (1/16)	4.5 (1/22)	0 (0/16)	0.82
Other	43.8 (7/16)	54.5 (12/22)	83.3 (5/6)	N/A
Blood test results (mean ± SD)
WBC (/μL)	7712.5 ± 3428.1	6536.4 ± 2858.5	4950.0 ± 1312.6	0.25
Hb (g/dL)	10.7 ± 2.7	11.6 ± 2.1	12.2 ± 2.4	0.63
LDH (IU/L)	201.0 ± 52.1	189.9 ± 49.1	175.0 ± 35.8	0.35

N/A: Not applicable: GIST: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor; WBC: White blood cell count; Hb: Hemoglobin; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase.

Table 2 Endoscopic characteristics of the small intestinal malignant tumors

	Group 1 (Epithelial) (%)	Group 2 (Malignant lymphoma) (%)	Group 3 (GIST) (%)	P-value
Tumor location
Duodenum	43.8 (7/16)	18.2 (4/22)	16.7 (1/6)	0.18
Jejunum	31.3 (5/16)	50.0 (11/22)	66.7 (4/6)	0.28
Ileum	25.0 (4/16)	45.5 (10/22)	16.7 (1/6)	0.26
Solitary lesion	100.0 (16/16)	45.5 (10/22)	100.0 (6/6)	< 0.001
Type or form
Solitary
Protruded or mass type	31.3 (5/16)	0 (0/22)	66.7 (4/6)	< 0.001
Ulcerated type (with raised margins)	37.5 (6/16)	40.9 (9/22)	33.3 (2/6)	0.94
Infiltrative ulcerated type	31.3 (5/16)	0 (0/22)	0 (0/6)	0.007
Multiple
Multiple ulcers	0 (0/16)	22.7 (5/22)	0 (0/6)	0.06
MLP	0 (0/16)	13.6 (3/22)	0 (0/6)	0.20
Others	0 (0/16)	22.7 (5/22)	0 (0/6)	N/A
Presence of stenosis	68.8 (11/16)	27.3 (6/22)	0 (0/6)	0.004
Presence of bleeding	43.8 (7/16)	22.7 (5/22)	16.7 (1/6)	0.178
White villi	12.5 (2/16)	54.5 (12/22)	0 (0/6)	< 0.001

GIST: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor; MLP: Multiple lymphomatous polyposis.

Table 3 Pathological features of the biopsy sites with or without white villi in malignant lymphoma

	White villi		P-value
	Presence	Absence
Lymphoma cells infiltrating the villi with an intact epithelium	91.7% (11/12)	0 % (0/10)	< 0.001
Lymphoma cells infiltrating the villi without an intact epithelium	0% (0/12)	50.0% (5/10)	0.293
Lymphoma cells present in the deep mucosa	0% (0/12)	20.0% (2/10)	0.195
Not assessed	8.3% (1/12)	30% (3/10)	N/A

N/A: Not applicable.

Table 4 Summary of the endoscopic characteristics of the small intestinal tumors

	Group 1 (Epithelial)	Group 2 (Malignant lymphoma)	Group 3 (GIST)
Solitary tumor	1	2	1
Protruded or mass type	2	3	1
Infiltrative ulcerated type	2	3	3
Presence of stenosis	1	2	3
White villi	3	2	3

1: More likely; 2: Intermediate; 3: Less likely; GIST: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor.