Efficacy and safety of standard and anti-reflux self-expanding metal stent: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Table 1 Patient characteristics

	Anti-reflux stent	Standard stent
Patients, total (n)	192	203
Female (n)	47	49
Male (n)	118	131
mean age (yr)	70	70.24
Histology (n)	SCC = 39; Adenocarcinoma = 76; Undifferentiated = 1	SCC = 51; Adenocarcinoma = 113; Undifferentiated = 13

SCC: Squamous cell carcinoma.

Table 2 Study characteristics

Study	Country	Design	Brand of stents	n (ARS, SS)	Age (ARS, SS)	Male / Female; ARS / SS	Pre-Dysphagia score (ARS / SS)	Follow-up (mo)	Use of PPI (ARS / SS)	Preemptive dilation of stent (ARS/ SS)
Coron et al[10], 2016	France	RCT, multicenter	Dostent	20	68.9	16/4	2.75 (0-4)	6	NO	YES
			Choostent	18	74	15/3	2.65 (0-4)	6	YES	YES
Kaduthodil et al[11], 2011	United Kingdom	RCT, single center	NR	27	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
			NR	23	NR	NR	NR	NR
Blomberg et al[12], 2010	Sweden	RCT, multicenter	Z stent- Dua- valve	28	74	21/7	62 (0-100)	3	NR	YES
			Z-stent	37	74	23/14	61 (0-100)	3	NR	YES
Sabharwal et al[13], 2008	United Kingdom	RCT, single center	FerX- Ella – valve /	24	71.3	15/7	2.73 (0-5)	3	NO	NR
			Ultraflex	26	66.3	21/5	2.54 (0-5)	3	YES	NR
Power et al[14], 2007	Ireland	RCT, single center	Hanaro stent- valve	24	68.4	14/10	NR	2	NR	NR
			Ultraflex	25	73.9	17/8	NR	2	NR	NR
Wenger et al[15], 2006	Sweden	RCT, multicenter	Z stent-Dua	19	75	13/6	63 ± 28	6	NR	NR
			Z-stent	25	73	13/9	56 ± 31	6	NR	NR
Shim et al[16], 2005	South Korea	RCT, single center	Dostent	12	65.3	12/0	2.83 ± - 0.85	1	NO	YES
			Covered metal	12	62.7	11/1	3.25 ± 0.4	1	NO	YES
Homs et al[6], 2004	the Netherland	RCT, single center	FerX-Ella –valve /	15	69	12/3	3 (0-5)	6	NR	NR
			Fer x -Ella	15	69	12/3	3 (0-5)		NR	NR

RCT: Randomized controlled trials; SS: Standard stent; ARS: Anti-reflux esophageal stent; PPT: Proton pump inhibitors.