Review on sedation for gastrointestinal tract endoscopy in children by non-anesthesiologists

Figure 1 Flow chart of propofol sedation protocol for paediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy. ¹Older than 1 mo, without contraindications (egg or soy allergy); ²Diagnostic endoscopy or procedure for which no endotracheal intubation is needed; ³The team qualified for paediatric sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Figure 2 Flow chart of ketamine sedation protocol for paediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy. ¹Older than 3 mo, without contraindications (severe cardiovascular disease, malignant hypertension, CSF obstructive states, intraocular pressure pathology, psychotic illness, hyperthyroidism or thyroid medicines use, and porphyria); ²Diagnostic endoscopy or procedure for which no endotracheal intubation is needed; ³The team qualified for paediatric sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Figure 3 Flow chart of opioid and benzodiazepine sedation protocol for paediatric endoscopy. ¹Patient without contraindications (not being simultaneously treated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors); ²Diagnostic endoscopy or procedure for which no endotracheal intubation is needed; ³The team qualified for paediatric sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy.