Review of oral and pharyngolaryngeal benign lesions detected during esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Figure 1 Endoscopic images of dental caries. A: Case 1. A 28-year-old man with panhypopituitarism, diabetes insipidus, and diabetes mellitus had multiple residual roots and carious lesions; B: Case 2. A 69-year-old man with diabetes mellitus also had a severely damaged tooth (arrow).

Figure 2 Endoscopic images of cleft palate. A and B: Case 3. A 67-year-old man had a hole in the palate (arrow). The patient was previously diagnosed with cleft palate and mild dysarthria.

Figure 3 Endoscopic and computed tomography images of palatal torus. A–C: Case 4. A protruding lesion was identified in the roof of the mouth of a 62-year-old man; A: White light; B: Narrow band imaging; C: Computed tomography image showing a bony structure in the hard palate (arrow).

Figure 4 Endoscopic images of bifid uvula. A and B: Case 5. A 75-year-old woman had a uvula with a bisecting tip; A: White light; B: Narrow band imaging.

Figure 5 Endoscopic and computed tomography images of compression by cervical osteophyte. A: Case 6. An 87-year-old man had a submucosal bulge on the dorsal side of the oropharynx (arrow); B: Case 6. Computed tomography (CT) imaging showed a bone protrusion on the anterior side of the cervical vertebra (arrow); C: Case 7. Deformation was observed on the right dorsal side of the hypopharynx in a 69-year-old man (arrow); D: Case 7. CT image showing outgrowth of the bone of the cervical vertebra (arrow).

Figure 6 Endoscopic images of tonsil hyperplasia. A and B: Case 8. Hypertrophic tonsils were unexpectedly identified in a 23-year-old woman who underwent screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy; A: White light; B: Blue laser imaging.

Figure 7 Endoscopic images of black hairy tongue. A: Case 9. A 65-year-old man with schizophrenia and advanced colon cancer presented with black hairy tongue (arrows); B: Case 10. A black hairy tongue was observed in an 86-year-old woman with polymyalgia rheumatica.

Figure 8 Endoscopic images of oral candidiasis. A and B: Case 11. A 63-year-old woman had multiple white plaques in the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus. Endoscopic biopsy revealed fungal infection, confirming the diagnosis of candidiasis.

Figure 9 Endoscopic images of oral and pharyngolaryngeal ulcers. A and B: Case 12. A 64-year-old female patient was diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome with trisomy 8. The patient had multiple ulcers in the oral cavity. A: White light; B: Narrow band imaging.

Figure 10  Endoscopic images of pharyngeal melanosis. A: Case 13. A 58-year-old man presented with advanced esophageal cancer; B: Case 13. The patient had melanosis in the pharynx (arrows).

Figure 11  Endoscopic images of oral tattoos associated with dental alloys. A and B: Case 14. Multiple points of black pigmentation were identified on the bilateral buccal mucosa of a 68-year-old man (arrow). The pigmented lesions were adjacent to the metal crowns of the gold-silver-palladium alloys.

Figure 12  Endoscopic images of retention cysts. A and B: Case 15. A 60-year-old man had a retention cyst on the ventral side of the epiglottis (arrows); A: White light; B: Blue laser imaging; C: Case 16. An 80-year-old woman also presented with a retention cyst on the left side of the epiglottis (arrow).

Figure 13  Endoscopic images of papilloma. A and B: Case 17. A 67-year-old man had reddish wart-like projections on the uvula; A: White light; B: Magnified observation with narrow band imaging. Papilloma was diagnosed based on the pathological analysis of the biopsied specimen.

Figure 14  Endoscopic images of radiation-induced changes. A: Case 18. A 58-year-old man who had undergone radiotherapy for laryngeal cancer developed patchy redness, White light; B and C: Case 19. A 70-year-old man with a history of laryngeal cancer treated with radiotherapy shows vascular dilatation of the larynx (arrows); B: Blue laser imaging.

Figure 15  Endoscopic images of skin flap. A and B: Case 20. In a 68-year-old man who underwent surgery for laryngeal cancer and reconstruction with a pectoralis major myocutaneous flap, esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a clearly demarcated yellowish white skin flap; A: White light; B: Narrow band imaging; C: Case 21. A pectoralis major myocutaneous flap was observed in a 71-year-old man who underwent reconstructive surgery for laryngeal cancer.

Figure 16  Endoscopic images of vocal cord paresis. A and B: Case 22. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy of a 65-year-old man with right vocal cord paresis revealed that the right vocal cord displayed no movement during respiration and phonation; A: Respiration; B: Phonation.

Figure 17  Endoscopic images of vocal fold leukoplakia. A and B: Case 23. A 68-year-old man presented with leukoplakia of the vocal fold (arrow). A pathological diagnosis of dysplasia was made; A: White light; B: Narrow band imaging.