Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: Current practice and future research

Figure 1 The EXALT duodenoscope in use at our center.

Figure 2 An overtube assisted enteroscopy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography performed for a stent exchange and stone extraction. The patient had a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy after a bile duct injury. A: Stent exchange; B: Stone extraction.

Figure 3 Large bile duct stone extraction. A: Bile duct stone; B-D: Balloon sphincteroplasty performed (B and C) with extracted stone fragment (D).

Figure 4 Cholangioscopy: Multifocal intraductal papillary neoplasm of bile ducts with high-grade dysplasia, that became cholangiocarcinoma. A: High-grade dysplasia; B: Cholangiocarcinoma.

Figure 5 Chronic pancreatitis with a large pancreatic stone. A: Extracorpeal shock wave lithotripsy with stone; B and C: Successful stone extraction; D: Placement of a plastic pancreatic stent.