Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection in special locations

Figure 1 The ileocecal valve was divided into four sections: anterior angle, posterior angle, inferior lip, and superior lip. A: Anterior angle; P: Posterior angle; I: Inferior lip; S: Superior lip.

Figure 2 Submucosal fatty tissue around the ileocecal valve.

Figure 3 Endoscopic submucosal dissection in terminal ileal tumors. A: Terminal ileal tumor; B: Mucosal incision.

Figure 4 Laterally spreading tumor granular-nodular mix type involvement in the appendiceal orifice (arrow). A: Conventional white light image; B: Chromoendoscopy with indigo carmine.

Figure 5 A transparent hood facilitates the endoscopic submucosal dissection of a lesion in close proximity to the appendix (arrow).

Figure 6 Rectal tumor involvement in the anal canal.

Figure 7 Severe submucosal fibrosis in the anal canal being managed with a scissor-type knife.