Tertiary stent-in-stent for obstructing colorectal cancer: A case report and literature review

Figure 1 Abdominal X-ray before and after the positioning of the third stent. A: Large bowel massive distention (long arrows) without apparent stent migration; curves highlight the profiles of the proximal edges of the first and second previously placed stents; B: The third stent placed within the two previously placed stents (short arrows indicating some of the radiopaque markers), with detention of proximal loops.

Figure 2 Endoscopic appearance of neoplastic stenosis before and after the third stent. A: Tumor ingrowth inside the two completely hidden previously placed stents; B: A small diameter hole inside the stenotic tract immediately after deployment of the third stent.

Figure 3 Intraprocedural radiological appearance of the three stents bypassing the lesion above the splenic flexure. Curves highlight the proximal edges of the first and second previously placed stents; arrows indicate some of the radiopaque markers of the third recently positioned and gradually expanding stent.