Early vs late endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with acute cholangitis: A nationwide analysis

Figure 1 Data selection process for acute cholangitis. Duplicate index events were identified as index admissions and readmissions within 30 d of another index admission. These were not analyzed as a separate index admission but were included in the readmission analysis. Day 0 is the day of admission. ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Figure 2 Comparison of outcomes in patients hospitalized with cholangitis in early vs late endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography stratified by cholangitis severity. Early endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): Performed on the same day of admission or next day (days 0 or 1, < 48 h); Late ERCP: Performed on days 2 to 7 of admission (days 2-7, > 48 h after admission). Odds ratio for mortality outcomes was obtained from multivariable logistic regression controlling for age, sex, severe disease, and mortality score. Mortality score was replaced with readmission score for readmission outcomes. OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Figure 3 Comparison of outcomes in patients hospitalized with cholangitis based on timing of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography on the day of admission (< 24 h) as the reference. Odds ratio for mortality outcomes was obtained from multivariable logistic regression controlling for age, severe disease, and mortality score. Mortality score was replaced with readmission score for readmission outcomes. aOR: Adjusted odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Figure 4 Outcomes in patients hospitalized with cholangitis based on timing to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography based on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography day. Day 0 is the day of admission. ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Figure 5 Top reasons for 30-d readmission after a hospitalization with acute cholangitis, stratified by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography timing. A: Early endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) group (days 0 or 1, < 48 h); B: Late ERCP group (days 2-7, > 48 h after admission). Biliary tract disease included cholangitis, choledocholithiasis, and cholecystitis.