Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-induced and non-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-induced acute pancreatitis: Two distinct clinical and immunological entities?

Figure 1 Altered Ca²⁺ homeostasis- change from physiologic intracellular transient Ca²⁺ spikes to pathologically sustained global Ca²⁺ rise, can lead to significantly lower pH values and cause early enzyme activation.

Figure 2 Sterile injury causes acinar cell necrosis, the release of intracellular contents, and activation of damage-associated molecular patterns that further determine pancreatic injury.

Figure 3 Activation of pattern recognition receptors.