Copyright
©The Author(s) 2017.
World J Hepatol. Feb 18, 2017; 9(5): 242-251
Published online Feb 18, 2017. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i5.242
Published online Feb 18, 2017. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i5.242
Table 1 Summary of studies each of which included ≥ 100 patients who underwent hepatectomy for non-colorectal non-neuroendocrine liver metastases (overall survival)
Ref. | Year | Period | No. of patients | Primary tumor (GI/breast/GU/melanoma/sarcoma/others) | MST (mo) | 3-ysr (%) | 5-ysr (%) | Factors associated with worse overall survival |
Elias et al[7] | 1998 | 1984-1996 | 1201 | (22/35/31/10/13/9) | NR | NR | 362 | NR |
Yedibela et al[9] | 2005 | 1978-2001 | 1501 | (50/24/11/5/15/45) | 232 | NR | 262 | Margin status (R1,2) |
Weitz et al[8] | 2005 | 1981-2002 | 141 | (12/29/50/17/0/33) | 42 | 57 | NR | Primary tumor type, disease-free interval ≤ 24 mo, margin status (R1,2) |
Adam et al[10] | 2006 | 1983-2004 | 1452 | (314/460/332/148/0/198) | 35 | 49 | 36 | Age, primary tumor (ocular melanoma, non-breast), squamous tumor, disease-free interval, extrahepatic disease, major hepatectomy, margin status (R1,2) |
Lendoire et al[11] | 2007 | 1989-2006 | 106 | (7/19/40/6/23/11) | 27 | 34 | 19 | Primary tumor (non-breast, non-GU), synchronous metastasis, margin status (R1,2) |
O'Rourke et al[12] | 2008 | 1986-2006 | 102 | (27/11/31/20/3/10) | 42 | 56 | 39 | Diameter of liver metastasis > 5 cm, extrahepatic nodal disease |
Groeschl et al[13] | 2012 | 1990-2009 | 420 | (13/15/92/31/98/71) | 49 | 50 | 31 | Diameter of liver metastasis ≥ 5 cm, lymphovascular invasion |
Takemura et al[14] | 2013 | 1993-2009 | 145 | (91/30/12/1/8/3) | 42 | 55 | 41 | Postoperative complication |
Hoffmann et al[15] | 2015 | 2001-2012 | 150 | (30/42/33/15/9/21) | 46 | NR | 42 | Primary tumor (melanoma, non-breast), interval < 24 mo, squamous tumor, non-stromal tumor, minor hepatectomy, margin (R2) |
Schiergens et al[16] | 2016 | 2003-2013 | 167 | (43/16/61/8/25/14) | 35 | 49 | NR | > 3 liver metastases, extrahepatic disease, residual tumor (R1,2), major complications |
Table 2 Summary of studies each of which included ≥ 100 patients who underwent hepatectomy for non-colorectal non-neuroendocrine liver metastases (disease-free survival)
Ref. | Year | No. of patients | MDFST (mo) | 3-ydfsr (%) | 5-ydfsr (%) | Factors associated with worse disease-free survival |
Elias et al[7] | 1998 | 1201 | NR | NR | 282 | NR |
Yedibela et al[9] | 2005 | 1501 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Weitz et al[8] | 2005 | 141 | 17 | 30 | NR | Primary tumor, diseas-free interval ≤ 24 mo |
Adam et al[10] | 2006 | 1452 | 13 | 27 | 21 | NR |
Lendoire et al[11] | 2007 | 106 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
O'Rourke et al[12] | 2008 | 102 | 18 | 37 | 27 | Diameter of liver metastasis > 5 cm, extrahepatic nodal disease |
Groeschl et al[13] | 2012 | 420 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Takemura et al[14] | 2013 | 145 | 10 | 21 | 18 | Blood transfusuion, preoperative chemotherapy |
Hoffmann et al[15] | 2015 | 150 | 21 | 36 | 29 | NR |
Schiergens et al[16] | 2016 | 167 | 15 | NR | NR | > 3 liver metastases, extrahepatic disease, residual tumor (R1,2) |
Table 3 Summary of studies each of which included ≥ 40 patients who underwent hepatectomy for liver metastasis from gastric cancer
Ref. | Year | Period | No. of patients | MST (mo) | 3-ysr (%) | 5-ysr (%) | Factors associated with worse overall survival |
Ambiru et al[17] | 2001 | 1975-1999 | 40 | 12 | NR | 18 | Synchronous metastasis |
Adam et al[10]1 | 2006 | 1983-2004 | 64 | 15 | NR | 27 | NR |
Cheon et al[18] | 2008 | 1995-2005 | 41 | 18 | 32 | 21 | Multiple liver metastases |
Takemura et al[19] | 2012 | 1993-2011 | 64 | 34 | 50 | 37 | Serosal invasion of primary gastric cancer, maximum hepatic metastasis diameter > 5 cm |
Aizawa et al[20] | 2014 | 1997-2010 | 53 | 27 | NR | 18 | Multiple liver metastases |
Kinoshita et al[21] | 2014 | 1990-2010 | 256 | 31 | 42 | 31 | Serosal invasion of primary gastric cancer, > 3 liver metastases, maximum hepatic metastasis diameter > 5 cm |
Tiberio et al[22] | 2015 | 1997-2011 | 53 | 13 | 14 | 9 | NR2 |
Oki et al[23] | 2015 | 2000-2010 | 69 | 41 | 51 | 42 | Multiple liver metastases, > 2 positive regional lymph node metastases of primary gastric cancer |
Table 4 Summary of studies with relatively large cohort of patients who underwent hepatectomy for liver metastasis from gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Ref. | Year | Period | No. of patients underwent hepatectomy | MST (mo) | 3-ysr (%) | 5-ysr (%) | 3-yPFS (%) | No. of patients with TKI | Factors associated with worse overall survival |
DeMatteo et al[26] | 2001 | 1982-2000 | 341 | 391 | 501 | 301 | 451 | NR | Interval from primary tumor diagnosis ≤ 24 mo2 |
Nunobe et al[27] | 2005 | 1984-2003 | 18 | 36 | 64 | 34 | NR | 3 (17%) | NR |
Xia et al[28] | 2010 | 2005 | 19 | 33 (mean) | 90 | NR | NR | 19 (100%) | Non-surgical therapy2 |
Turley et al[29] | 2012 | 1995-2010 | 39 | Not reached at 5 yr | 68 | NR | NR | 27 (73%)3 | Non-TKI therapy, extrahepatic disease |
Bauer et al[30] | 2014 | Until 2011 | 104 | 96 | NR | NR | NR | > 84% | Male4, R2 resection4, progression disease to TKI at the time of surgery4, extrahepatic disease4 |
Du et al[31] | 2014 | NR | 19 | Not reached | NR | NR | 88 (2-yr) | 19 (100%) | Non-surgical therapy2 |
Seesing et al[32] | 2016 | 1999-2014 | 48 | 90 | 80 | 76 | 67 | 42 (88%) | Margin status (R1,2) |
Table 5 Summary of studies with relatively large cohort of patients who underwent hepatectomy for liver metastases from gastrointestinal primaries other than gastric cancer and gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Disease | Ref. | Year | Period | No. of patients | MST (mo) | 3-ysr (%) | 5-ysr (%) | Factors associated with worse overall survival |
Peri-ampullary | De Jong et al[34] | 2010 | 1993-2009 | 40 | 17 [23 (intestinal), 13 (pancreaticobiliary)] | 18 | NR | Intestinal type (ampullary or duodenal) tumors |
Ampullary | Adam et al[10]1 | 2006 | 1983-2004 | 15 | 38 | NR | 46 | NR |
Small bowel | Adam et al[10]1 | 2006 | 1983-2004 | 28 | 58 | NR | 49 | NR |
Pancreas | Adam et al[10]1 | 2006 | 1983-2004 | 40 | 20 | NR | 25 | NR |
Schiergens et al[16]1 | 2016 | 2003-2013 | 19 | 7 | 17 | NR | NR | |
Esophagous | Adam et al[10]1 | 2006 | 1983-2004 | 20 | 16 | 32 | NR | NR |
Ichida et al[35] | 2013 | 2003-2005 | 5 | 13 | NR | NR | NR |
Table 6 Summary of studies with ≥ 40 patients who underwent hepatectomy for liver metastasis from breast cancer
Ref. | Year | Period | No. of patients | MST (mo) | 3-ysr (%) | 5-ysr (%) | MDFS (mo) | Factors associated with worse overall survival |
Pocard et al[36] | 2000 | 1988-1997 | 52 | 42 | 49 | NR | NR | Disesase free interval ≤ 48 mo (univariate) |
Elias et al[37] | 2003 | 1986-2000 | 54 | 34 | 50 | 34 | NR | Hormone receptor-negative |
Adam et al[38] | 2006 | 1984-2004 | 85 | 32 | NR | 37 | 20 | Poor response to preoperative chemotherapy, R2, no repeat hepatectomy |
Adam et al[10]1 | 2006 | 1983-2004 | 454 | 45 | NR | 41 | NR | NR |
Hoffman et al[39] | 2010 | 1999-2008 | 41 | 58 | 68 | 48 | 34 | Positive resection margin, disease-free interval < 24 mo |
Abbott et al[40] | 2012 | 1997-2010 | 86 | 57 | NR | 44 | 14 | ER-negative, disease progression before hepatectomy |
Groeschl et al[13]1 | 2012 | 1990-2009 | 115 | 52 | 52 | 27 | 22 | NR |
Mariani et al[41] | 2013 | 1988-2007 | 51 | 91 | NR | NR | NR | Non-hepatectomy3, bone metastasis4 |
Hoffmann et al[15]1 | 2015 | 2001-2012 | 42 | 63 | NR | 53 | NR | NR |
Sadot et al[42] | 2016 | 1991-2014 | 692 | 502 | NR | 382 | 29 | Lymph node metastasis in the primary tumor, absence of trastuzumab therapy, multiple liver metastases |
Table 7 Summary of studies with ≥ 40 patients who underwent hepatectomy for liver metastasis from melanoma
Ref. | Year | Period | No. of patients | Ocular/cutaneous | MST (mo) (ocular/cutaneous) | 3-ysr (%) | 5-ysr (%) | Factors associated with worse overall survival |
Adam et al[10]1 | 2006 | 1983-2004 | 148 | 104/44 | 19/27 | NR | 21 (ocular)/22 (cutaneous) | NR |
Pawlik et al[44] | 2006 | 1988-2004 | 40 | 16/24 | 28 [29 (ocular)/24 (cutaneous)] | 62 (ocular)/48 (cutaneous) (2-yr) | 11 (21 (ocular)/0 (cutaneous)) | Cutaneous melanoma, no preoperative chemotherapy (in cutaneous melanoma) (univariable) |
Mariani et al[45] | 2009 | 1991-2007 | 255 (R2 = 157) | 255/0 | 14 (27 mo after R0 resection) | NR | 7 | Interval from primary tumor diagnosis ≤ 24 mo, R1 and R2, number of the metastases > 4, miliary disease |
Mariani et al[46] | 2016 | 2000-2013 | 70 (inclding 13 concomitant with RFA) | 70/0 | 27 (hepatectomy), 28 (+RFA) | NR | NR | NR |
Table 8 Summary of studies with relatively large cohort of patients who underwent hepatectomy for liver metastasis from sarcoma
Ref. | Year | Period | No. of patients | MST (mo) | 3-ysr (%) | 5-ysr (%) | Factors associated with worse overall survival |
Lang et al[48] | 2000 | 1982-1996 | 26 (including 9 second, 2 third resection) | 32 (R0 first resection), 21 (R1,2 resection) | NR | 13 | NR |
DeMatteo et al[26]1 | 2001 | 1982-2000 | 561 | 391 | 501 | 301 | Time to liver metastasis from the primary tumor diagnosis ≤ 24 mo |
Pawlik et al[49] | 2006 | 1996-2005 | 53 (35Hx, 18RF + Hx, and 13RF), (including 36 GISTs) | 472 | 652 | 272 | Non-GIST |
Marudanayagam et al[50] | 2011 | 1997-2009 | 361 (including 5 GISTs) | 24 | 48 | 32 | Primaly leiomyosarcoma |
Groeschl et al[13]3 | 2012 | 1990-2009 | 98 | 72 | 60 | 32 | NR |
Zhang et al[51] | 2015 | 2000-2009 | 27 | NR | NR | 46 | Interval from primary tumor diagnosis ≤ 24 mo, extrahepatic disease, positive margins |
Table 9 Summary of studies with relatively large cohort of the patients who underwent hepatectomy for liver metastasis from genitourinary primary tumor
Disease | Ref. | Year | Period | No. of patients | MST (mo) | 3-ysr (%) | 5-ysr (%) | Factors associated with worse overall survival |
Renal cell carcinoma | Adam et al[10]1 | 2006 | 1983-2004 | 85 | 36 | NR | 38 | NR |
Thelen et al[52] | 2007 | 1988-2006 | 31 | 48 | 54 | 39 | Resection margin (R1,2) | |
Staehler et al[53] | 2010 | 1995-2006 | 68 | 142 | NR | 62 | High-grade primary renal cell carcinoma, performance status ≥ 1, lymph node status | |
Ruys et al[54] | 2011 | 1990-2008 | 29 | 33 | 47 | 43 | Synchronous metastases, R1,2 resection margin (univariate) | |
Hatzaras et al[55] | 2012 | 1994-2011 | 43 | Not reached | 62 | NR | Disease-free interval ≤ 12 mo, exrahepatic disease (univariate) | |
Schiergens et al[16]1 | 2016 | 2003-2013 | 28 | 50 | 68 | NR | NR | |
Gyneclogic primary | Kamel et al[56] | 2011 | 1990-2010 | 52 | 53 | 57 | 41 | NR |
Ovarian cancer | Merideth et al[57] | 2003 | 1976-1999 | 262 | 26 | NR | NR | Interval from the primary diagnosis < 12 mo, residual disease > 1 cm (univariate) |
Adam et al[10]1 | 2006 | 1983-2004 | 65 | 98 | NR | 50 | NR | |
Lim et al[58] | 2009 | 2001-2008 | 142 | Not reached | NR | 51 | Hematogeneous liver metastasis < hepatic parenchymal metastasis from peritoneal seeding5 | |
Neumann et al[59] | 2012 | 1991-2007 | 41 | 42(R0 resection) | NR | NR | R1,2 resection, pre-operative ascites, bilobular liver metastasis | |
Niu et al[60] | 2012 | 2000-2011 | 60 | 39 | NR | 30 | R1,2 resection | |
Kolev et al[61] | 2014 | 1988-2012 | 273 | 56 | NR | NR | Interval from the primary surgery ≤ 24 mo, residual disease ≥ 1 cm | |
Bacalbasa et al[62] | 2015 | 2002-2014 | 3124 | 16 (metastasis from seeding), 13 (hematogeneous) | NR | NR | No significant risk factor | |
Schiergens et al[16]1 | 2016 | 2003-2013 | 24 | 33 | 43 | NR | NR | |
Testicular cancer | Hahn et al[63] | 1999 | 1974-1996 | 57 | NR | 97 (2-yr) | NR | NR |
Adam et al[10]1 | 2006 | 1983-2004 | 78 | 82 | NR | 51 | NR |
- Citation: Takemura N, Saiura A. Role of surgical resection for non-colorectal non-neuroendocrine liver metastases. World J Hepatol 2017; 9(5): 242-251
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v9/i5/242.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v9.i5.242