Is hepatic steatosis associated with left ventricular mass index increase in the general population?

doi:10.4254/wjh.v9.i19.857

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World Journal of Hepatology

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World J Hepatol. Jul 8, 2017; 9(19): 857-866
Published online Jul 8, 2017. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i19.857

Table 1 General and echocardiographic characteristics of the study population with and without hepatic steatosis at baseline n (%)

	No/one criterion for hepatic steatosis	US⁺ and ALT⁺	P-value
	n = 1106	n = 192
Age (yr), M (SD)	59.6 (8.8)	57.2 (7.8)	P < 0.01
Male gender	442 (40.0)	139 (72.4)	P < 0.001
School education			n.s.
< 10 yr	570 (51.5)	102 (53.1)
10 yr	358 (32.4)	67 (34.9)
> 10 yr	178 (16.1)	23 (12.0)
Waist circumference (cm), M (SD)	89.0 (11.5)	100.8 (10.9)	P < 0.001
Body weight (kg), M (SD)	75.6 (12.8)	88.6 (13.9)	P < 0.001
BMI, (kg/m²), M (SD)	27.4 (4.3)	30.5 (4.6)	P < 0.001
Smoking			P < 0.001
Never-smoker	516 (46.6)	57 (29.7)
Ex-smoker	382 (34.5)	99 (51.7)
Current smoker	208 (18.8)	36 (18.8)
Alcohol consumption (g/d), M (SD)	9.1 (14.5)	15.6 (19.5)	P < 0.001
Diabetes mellitus	100 (9.0)	26 (13.5)	P < 0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), M (SD)	139.3 (20.2)	148.5 (17.4)	P < 0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), M (SD)	84.7 (10.8)	89.9 (10.4)	P < 0.001
Pulse pressure (mmHg), M (SD)	54.6 (14.7)	58.6 (13.4)	P < 0.01
Hypertension	660 (59.7)	163 (84.9)	P < 0.001
Intake of drugs with ATC07	239 (21.6)	39 (20.3)	n.s.
Intake of drugs with ATC08	140 (12.7)	28 (14.6)	n.s.
Intake of drugs with ATC09	198 (17.9)	58 (30.2)	P < 0.001
IVS, M (SD)	9.7 (2.2)	10.9 (2.5)	P < 0.001
LVEDD, M (SD)	50.9 (5.6)	52.4 (5.9)	P < 0.01
PWD, M (SD)	9.6 (1.9)	10.4 (2.0)	P < 0.001
LVM (g), M (SD)	181.8 (53.5)	215.8 (61.3)	P < 0.001
LVMI (g/m^2.7), M (SD)	46.2 (13.3)	51.0 (13.7)	P < 0.001
LVH	499 (45.1)	114 (59.4)	P < 0.001

Pearson χ² and ANOVAs were used for bivariate comparisons. Data are given as numbers and percentages or means (standard deviation). US: Ultrasound; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ATC: Anatomical-therapeutic code; IVS: Interventricular septum thickness; LVEDD: Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; PWD: Posterior wall thickness; LVMI: Left ventricular mass index; LVH: Left ventricular hypertrophy; n.s.: Non-significant.

Table 2 Echocardiographic characteristics and blood pressure at baseline and follow-up in the study population with and without hepatic steatosis

	Baseline	Follow-up	P-value
	M (SD)	M (SD)	P-value
IVS, M (SD)
No/one criterion for hepatic steatosis	9.7 (2.2)	11.2 (2.7)	P < 0.001
US⁺ and ALT⁺	10.9 (2.5)	12.0 (2.9)	P < 0.001
LVEDD, M (SD)
No/one criterion for hepatic steatosis	50.9 (5.6)	48.8 (5.5)	P < 0.001
US⁺ and ALT⁺	52.4 (5.9)	50.6 (5.3)	P < 0.001
PWD, M (SD)
No/one criterion for hepatic steatosis	9.6 (1.9)	9.9 (1.9)	P < 0.001
US⁺ and ALT⁺	10.4 (2.0)	10.9 (2.1)	P < 0.01
LVM (g), M (SD)
No/one criterion for hepatic steatosis	181.8 (53.5)	192.2 (56.8)	P < 0.001
US⁺ and ALT⁺	215.8 (61.3)	226.1 (62.4)	P < 0.01
LVMI (g/m^2.7), M(SD)
No/one criterion for hepatic steatosis	46.2 (13.3)	49.2 (14.6)	P < 0.001
US⁺ and ALT⁺	51.0 (13.7)	53.7 (14.4)	P < 0.01
SBP (mmHg), M (SD)
No/one criterion for hepatic steatosis	139.3 (20.2)	136.3 (19.2)	P < 0.001
US⁺ and ALT⁺	148.5 (17.4)	142.8 (19.0)	P < 0.001
DBP (mmHg), M (SD)
No/one criterion for hepatic steatosis	84.7 (10.8)	81.2 (10.3)	P < 0.001
US⁺ and ALT⁺	89.9 (10.4)	85.0 (11.1)	P < 0.001
LVH
No/one criterion for hepatic steatosis	499 (45.1)	597 (54.0)	P < 0.001
US⁺ and ALT⁺	114 (59.4)	128 (66.7)	P < 0.001
Hypertension
No/one criterion for hepatic steatosis	660 (59.7)	686 (62.0)	P < 0.001
US⁺ and ALT⁺	163 (84.9)	154 (80.2)	P < 0.001

IVS: Interventricular septum thickness; LVEDD: Left ventricular end diastolicdiameter; PWD: Posterior wall thickness; LVM: Left ventricular mass; LVMI: Left ventricular mass index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; LVH: Left ventricular hypertrophy; US: Ultrasound; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase.

Table 3 Bivariate Pearson correlations

	Sex	Age	FLD	LVMI_t0	LVMI_t1	SBP_t0	SBP_t1	DBP_t0
Sex
Age	-0.04
FLD	-0.23^b	-0.10^b
LVMI_t0	-0.12^b	0.30^b	0.13^b
LVMI_t1	-0.08^b	0.26^b	0.11^b	0.62^b
SBP_t0	-0.21^b	0.24^b	0.16^b	0.36^b	0.24^b
SBP_t1	-0.13^b	0.18^b	0.12^b	0.22^b	0.22^b	0.49^b
DBP_t0	-0.20^b	-0.14^b	0.17^b	0.19^b	0.11^b	0.71^b	0.32^b
DBP_t1	-0.15^b	-0.28^b	0.13^b	0.04	0.05	0.28^b	0.65^b	0.52^b

^bP < 0.01. FLD: Fatty liver disease; LVMI_t0: Left ventricular mass index at baseline; LVMI_t1: Left ventricular mass index at follow-up; SBP_t0: Systolic blood pressure at baseline; SBP_t1: Systolic blood pressure at follow-up; DBP_t0: Diastolic blood pressure at baseline; DBP_t1: Diastolic blood pressure at follow-up.

Citation: Piontek K, Schmidt CO, Baumeister SE, Lerch MM, Mayerle J, Dörr M, Felix SB, Völzke H. Is hepatic steatosis associated with left ventricular mass index increase in the general population? World J Hepatol 2017; 9(19): 857-866
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v9/i19/857.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v9.i19.857