Management of immunosuppressant agents following liver transplantation: Less is more

Table 1 Summary of immunosuppressant effects on metabolic syndrome

	Calcineurin inhibitors	Mycophenolate mofetil	mTOR inhibitors	Steroids
Body mass	Increase[92,103]	No change[105]	Less weight gain than CNIs[37]	Increase[144,145]
Dyslipidemia	Increase[104,121]	Less than CNIs[115]	Increase, but anti-atherosclerotic[144]	Increase[145]
Hypertension	Increase[107]	Less than CNIs[115,144]	No difference from CNI[146]	Increase[145]
Insulin resistance	Increase[128]	Potential benefit[145,146]	Potential benefit[149,150]	Increase[145]
Renal damage	Increase[112,113]	Less than both CNIs and mTOR inhibitors[147,151]	Decrease compared to CNIs[152]	Not significant
Note	Neoplastic[84]	Leukopenic[147,153,154]	Antineoplastic[155]

CNIs: Calcineurin inhibitors; mTOR: Mechanistic target of rapamycin.