Endotipsitis: A case report with a literature review on an emerging prosthetic related infection

Table 1 Demographics for each case identified in the literature review as well as microorganisms isolated and duration and type of antimicrobials

Etiological agent	Outcome	Duration ofbacteremia (d)	Treatment	Duration of treatment (wk)	Cirrhosis etiology	Onset (d)	Ref.
Gram positive, monomicrobial infections
Staphylococcus aureus	R	6	Vancomycin Rifampin	6	EtOH	110	[3]
	Tx	-	-	-	HCV	38	[17]
	D	15	Ciprofloxacin Penicillin Vancomycin Teicoplanin Rifampin	9	HCV	8	[6]
	D	-	Flucloxacillin	2	EtOH	663	[2]
	D	5	Vancomycin	1	EtOH, HBV, HCV	100	[18]
	D	-	-	-	HCV	38	[17]
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)	R	46	Vancomycin Linezolid	6	Cryptogenic	300	[5]
Staphylococcus epidermidis	R	25	Daptomycin	6	EtOH	7	[19]
	R	30	Vancomycin	6	EtOH	120	[5]
Enterococcus spp. (unspecified)	R	14	Vancomycin	6	Cryptogenic	47	[5]
	R	10	Vancomycin Gentamicin	28	EtOH, HCV	10	[20]
	R	3	Vancomycin Gentamicin	2	EtOH	60	[18]
	R	21	Vancomycin	7	HCV	-	[20]
	D	-	Vancomycin	-	EtOH	60	[20]
	Tx	-	-	-	HCV	38	[20]
	D	-	-	-	HCV	38	[20]
	D	-	-	-	HCV	38	[20]
Enterococcus faecalis	R	90	Gentamicin Amphotericin	6	EtOH	420	[21]
	R	100	Quinupristin	14	Cryptogenic	-	[22]
	R	10	Vancomycin	8	Cryptogenic	60	[23]
	Tx	10	Vancomycin	4	Cryptogenic	90	[16]
Enterococcus faecium	R	10	Vancomycin	28	EtOH	10	[20]
	-	-	Vancomycin	1	EtOH	375	[2]
Streptococcus sanguis	R	6	Penicillin	4	EtOH	416	[3]
Gemella morbillorum	R	5	Vancomycin	2	PSC	6	[18]
	R	60	Ampicillin	44	EtOH	56	[24]
Streptococcus bovis	R	6	Vancomycin	6	Cryptogenic	416	[3]
Lactobacillus rhamnosus	R	-	Netilmicin, Clarithromycin	12	EtOH	730	[2]
Lactobacillus acidophillus	D	4	Ampicillin	4	EtOH	732	[18]
	D	3	Ampicillin Gentamicin	6	EtOH	146	[18]
Gram negative, monomicrobial infections
Escherichia coli	R	6	Ceftriaxone	4	EtOH	183	[3]
	R	6	Ceftriaxone	4	EtOH	532	[3]
	R	31	Ciprofloxacin	16	EtOH	1065	[6]
	D	-	Ceftriaxone	12	EtOH	282	[2]
			Gentamicin
	D	-	Ceftriaxone Vancomycin Piperacillin-Tazobactam Amoxicillin	12	EtOH	1092	[2]
	D	-	Meropenem Amikacin	3	EtOH	765	[2]
Klebsiella pneumonia	R	6	Ceftriaxone	4	EtOH, HCV	329	[3]
Klebsiella (unspecified) MDR	R	9	Tigecycline	-	EtOH	1095	[25]
Serratia marcescens	R	49	Imipenem	98	EtOH	21	[26]
Enterobacter cloacae	R	-	Ceftriaxone Gentamicin Vancomycin Piperacillin-Tazobactam Meropenem Ciprofloxacin	12	EtOH	1065	[2]
Salmonella typhi	-	-	-	-	-	-	[27]
Fungal infections
Candida glabrata	R	1700	Amphotericin	51	HCV	180	[28]
	D	27	Amphotericin	27	Cryptogenic	27	[29]
	D	-	Fluconazole	-	EtOH	150	[30]
	D	60	Posaconazole	6	EtOH	-	[31]
Candida albicans	R	-	-	-	HBV	38	[18]
	D	-	-	-	HCV	38	[18]
Polymicrobial infections
Staphylococcus aureus/Pseudomonas aeruginosa	D	14	Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid Gentamicin Amikacin Ciprofloxacin	-	EtOH, HBV	35	[6]
Escherichia coli/Klebsiella oxytoca	R	6	Ceftriaxone	4	EtOH	235	[3]
Escherichia coli/Acinetobacter	R	6	Ceftriaxone	6	EtOH	285	[3]
Escherichia coli/Klebsiella oxytoca	R	6	Piperacillin-Tazobactam Gentamicin	6	Cryptogenic, EtOH	1158	-
“Polymicrobial”	R	720	-	101	HCV	100	[32]
“Polymicrobial”	Tx	90	-	-	HCV	180	[15]
Unknown	-	-	-	-	-	-	[2]

D: Death; Tx: Transplant; R: Resolved; EtOH: Alcoholic liver disease; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus.