Microwave ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Major complications of microwave ablation in literature n (%)

	Liang et al[91]	Bertot et al[90]	Livraghi et al[92]	Ding et al[89]	Ding et al[89]	Lahat et al[93]
Major complications	2.6%	4.6%	2.9%	3.1%	2.7%	4.6%
Intra-peritoneal bleeding	1 (0.03)	NA	2 (0.3)	2 (0.31)	NA	NA
Portal vein thrombosis	NA	NA	NA	0.15 (1/654)	NA	NA
Bile leakage	NA	NA	NA	2 (0.31)	NA	NA
Biloma	1 (3)		NA	1 (0.15)
Bile duct injury	1 (3)		1 (0.1)	1 (0.15)
Obstructive jaundice	NA		1 (0.1)	NA
Liver disfunction	NA	NA	3 (0.4)	4 (0.61)	2 (2)	NA
Liver abscess	4 (13)	NA	1 (0.1)	1 (0.15)	NA	NA
Gastrointestinal perforation	2 (7)	NA	2 (0.3)	NA	NA	NA
Haemothorax	NA	NA	1 (0.1)	1 (0.15)	NA	NA
Intractable pleural effusion	NA	NA	3 (0.4)	5 (0.76)	1 (0.8)	NA
Right diaphragmatic hernia	NA	NA	NA	2 (0.31)	1 (0.8)	NA
Pneumothorax	NA	NA	1 (0.1)	NA	NA	NA
Tumor seeding	5 (16)	NA	1 (0.1)	NA	NA	NA

NA: Data not available.