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©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Hepatol. Oct 8, 2015; 7(22): 2418-2426
Published online Oct 8, 2015. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i22.2418
Published online Oct 8, 2015. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i22.2418
Table 1 Prevalence of hepatitis B virus anti-hepatitis B surface in relation to some socio-demographic characteristics among 35861 studied children n (%)
| Total | Anti-HBs IU/L | ||||
| n = 3586 | Mean GMT | < 10 | 10-99 | ≥ 100 | |
| n = 1535 | n = 1229 | n = 822 | |||
| Gender | |||||
| Boys | 1738 | 220.4 ± 13.4 | 681 (39.2) | 643 (37.0) | 414 (23.8) |
| Girls | 1848 | 161.7 ± 11.2 | 854 (46.2) | 586 (31.7) | 408 (22.1) |
| P value | < 0.05 | < 0.001 | |||
| Age in years | |||||
| < 5 yr | 1114 | 64.0 ± 8.0 | 152 (13.6) | 435 (39.0) | 527 (47.3) |
| 5 to < 10 yr | 625 | 18.7 ± 13.8 | 206 (33.0) | 240 (38.4) | 179 (28.6) |
| 10 to < 15 yr | 1026 | 3.0 ± 15.0 | 606 (59.1) | 346 (33.7) | 74 (7.2) |
| ≥ 15 yr | 821 | 1.5 ± 17.0 | 571 (69.5) | 208 (25.3) | 42 (5.1) |
| P value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
| Socio-economic status2 | |||||
| Very low | 992 | 22.3 ± 6.3 | 465 (46.9) | 345 (34.8) | 182 (18.3) |
| Low | 650 | 24.4 ± 6.2 | 301 (46.3) | 220 (33.8) | 129 (19.8) |
| Middle | 934 | 37.2 ± 6.4 | 349 (37.4) | 324 (34.7) | 261 (27.9) |
| High | 916 | 33.3 ± 6.5 | 376 (41.0) | 308 (33.6) | 232 (25.3) |
| P value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
| Governorate | |||||
| Cairo | 815 | 32.3 ± 6.8 | 320 (39.3) | 271 (33.3) | 224 (27.5) |
| Dakahleya | 898 | 29.6 ± 5.8 | 380 (42.3) | 328(36.5) | 190 (21.2) |
| Gharbeya | 762 | 29.8 ± 6.5 | 328 (43.0) | 256 (33.6) | 178 (23.4) |
| Beni-Suef | 358 | 35.3 ± 6.2 | 155 (43.3) | 126 (35.2) | 77 (21.5) |
| Assuit | 564 | 22.3 ± 6.7 | 264 (46.8) | 191 (33.9) | 109 (19.3) |
| Red Sea | 189 | 21.2 ± 7.0 | 88 (46.6) | 57 (30.2) | 44 (23.3) |
| P value | < 0.01 | < 0.05 | |||
| Residence | |||||
| Urban | 1902 | 11.0 ± 18.4 | 784 (41.2) | 649 (34.1) | 469 (24.7) |
| Rural | 1684 | 7.3 ± 20.8 | 751 (44.6) | 580 (34.4) | 353 (21.0) |
| P value | < 0.001 | 0.021 | |||
Table 2 Hepatitis B virus immunity in relation to the child’s medical history n (%)
| Risk factors | Total | Level of anti-HBs | Odds ratio (95%CI) | |
| < 10 IU/L | ≥ 10 IU/L | |||
| n = 1535 | n = 2051 | |||
| Hospital admission | ||||
| Yes | 1196 (33.4) | 558 (46.4) | 638 (53.6) | 1.3 (1.0-1.5)b |
| No | 2390 (66.6) | 977 (40.9) | 1413 (59.1) | ® |
| Open abscess | ||||
| Yes | 280 (7.8) | 150 (53.5) | 130 (46.5) | 1.6 (1.2-2.0)b |
| No | 3306 (92.2) | 1385 (41.6) | 1921 (58.4) | ® |
| Surgical operation | ||||
| Yes | 683 (19.0) | 339 (49.6) | 344 (50.4) | 1.4 (1.2-1.7)b |
| No | 2903 (81.0) | 1196 (41.2) | 1707 (58.8) | ® |
| Regular medical injection | ||||
| Yes | 112 (3.1) | 59 (52.7) | 53 (47.3) | 1.5 (1.0-2.2)a |
| No | 3474 (96.9) | 1476 (42.5) | 1998 (57.5) | ® |
| Blood transfusion | ||||
| Yes | 90 (2.5) | 48 (53.3) | 42 (46.7) | 1.5 (1.0-2.4)a |
| No | 3496 (97.5) | 1487 (42.5) | 2009 (57.5) | ® |
| Rheumatic fever | ||||
| Yes | 140 (3.9) | 74 (52.9) | 66 (47.1) | 1.5 (1.1-2.1)a |
| No | 3446 (96.1) | 1461 (42.3) | 1985 (57.6) | ® |
| HAP (total = 3256) | ||||
| < 5th percentile | 569 (17.5) | 218 (38.3) | 351 (61.7) | 1.3 (1.1-1.6)b |
| ≥ 5th percentile | 2687 (82.5) | 1208 (45.0) | 1479 (55.0) | ® |
| WAP (total = 3317) | ||||
| < 5th percentile | 240 (7.2) | 89 (37.1) | 151 (62.9) | 1.3 (1.0-1.7)a |
| ≥ 5th percentile | 3077 (92.8) | 1341 (43.6) | 1736 (56.4) | ® |
Table 3 Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis to determine predictors for risk of non sero-protection n (%)
| Variable | Non-seroprotection rate | Crude odds ratio (95%CI) | AOR (95%CI) |
| Age in years | |||
| < 5 | 152 (13.6) | ® | ® |
| 5 to < 10 | 256 (34.7) | 3.4 (2.7-4.2)b | 3.3 (2.5-4.2)b |
| 10 to < 15 | 606 (59.1) | 9.1 (7.4-11.3)b | 9.1 (7.3-11.2)b |
| ≥ 15 | 571 (69.5) | 14.5 (11.5-18.1)b | 14.2 (11.3-17.9)b |
| Gender | |||
| Boys | 681 (39.2) | ® | ® |
| Girls | 854 (46.2) | 1.3 (1.2-1.5)b | 1.1 (1.0-1.4)b |
Table 4 Hepatitis B virus breakthrough infection among the studied children in different age groups
| Age group (yr) | Total | Sero-protection rate | HBV infection markers | |||
| Anti-HBs ≥ 10 IU/L | ||||||
| n (%) | 95%CI | Anti-HBc % | HBsAg % | HBV-DNA % | ||
| < 3 | 702 | 633 (90.2) | 88.0-92.4 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| 3- | 705 | 557 (79.0) | 76.0-82.0 | 1 (0.14) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.14) |
| 7- | 493 | 282 (57.2) | 52.9-61.6 | 4 (0.81) | 2 (0.41) | 5 (1.00) |
| 11- | 875 | 335 (38.3) | 35.1-41.5 | 4 (0.46) | 1 (0.11) | 4 (0.46) |
| ≥ 15 | 825 | 252 (30.5) | 27.4-33.6 | 4 (0.48) | 1 (0.12) | 4 (0.48) |
| Total | 3600 | 2059 (57.2) | 55.6-58.8 | 13 (0.36) | 4 (0.11) | 14 (0.39) |
Table 5 Demographic characteristics and hepatitis B virus markers of breakthrough infection among the studied children
| N | Age (yr) | Gender | Residence | Governorate | Base line HBV markers | |||
| Anti-HBs (IU/mL) | HBsAg | Anti-HBc | HBV DNA | |||||
| 1 | 10 | Boy | Urban | Beni-Suef | 0 | + | + | 10000 |
| 2 | 15.8 | Girl | Urban | 37 | - | + | 1280 | |
| 3 | 16.8 | Girl | Urban | 3 | + | + | 866 | |
| 4 | 11 | Girl | Rural | 0 | - | + | 24100 | |
| 5 | 11 | Girl | Urban | Assuit | 992 | - | + | 953 |
| 6 | 10 | Boy | Urban | 404 | - | + | 2850 | |
| 7 | 11.8 | Girl | Rural | Dakahleya | 4 | - | + | 4170 |
| 8 | 15.8 | Girl | Rural | 3 | - | + | 455 | |
| 9 | 16 | Boy | Rural | 559 | - | + | 781 | |
| 10 | 12 | Boy | Rural | 0 | + | + | 26 | |
| 11 | 9.3 | Girl | Urban | Cairo | 439 | - | + | 48 |
| 12 | 9 | Girl | Urban | 210 | - | + | 3920 | |
| 13 | 9.8 | Girl | Urban | 24 | + | - | 2440 | |
| 14 | 3.3 | Boy | Urban | 15 | - | + | 209 | |
- Citation: Salama II, Sami SM, Said ZNA, El-Sayed MH, El Etreby LA, Rabah TM, Elmosalami DM, Abdel Hamid AT, Salama SI, Abdel Mohsen AM, Emam HM, Elserougy SM, Hassanain AI, Abd Alhalim NF, Shaaban FA, Hemeda SA, Ibrahim NA, Metwally AM. Effectiveness of hepatitis B virus vaccination program in Egypt: Multicenter national project. World J Hepatol 2015; 7(22): 2418-2426
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v7/i22/2418.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v7.i22.2418