Virological response and resistance mutations to NS3/4A inhibitors in hepatitis C virus-human immunodeficiency virus coinfection

Table 1 Primers specific for the hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease gene sequence used for polymerase chain reaction

HCV genotype 1	Primers	Sequences 5'-3'	H77 location
	G1F1	CTB CTS GGR CCR GCC GAT	3372-3390
	G1R1	CCA CYT GGW AKS TCT GSG G	3998-4016
	MarsF3	ACS GCR GCR TGY GGG GAC AT	3309-3328
	MarsR2	GTG CTC TTR CCG CTR CCR GT	4035-4054

Genotyping: S = G or C; R = A or G; Y = C or T; W = A or T; K = G or T. HCV: Hepatitis C virus.

Table 2 Patient characteristics at initiation of triple anti-hepatitis C virus therapy (n = 41)

Age: median (IQR)	51 (48-55)
Male gender	35 (85.4%)
Genotype
1a	32 (78.0%)
1b	9 (22.0%)
HCV treatment-naïve	13 (31.7%)
Prior HCV-treatment response
Non-responders	14 (34.1%)
Breakthrough	1 (2.5%)
Relapse	5 (12.2%)
Premature treatment discontinuation	3 (4.9%)
Missing data	5 (14.6%)
Log HCV-RNA	5.8 (5.3-6.1)
Fibrosis stage
F0-F1	12 (29.3%)
F2	7 (17.0%)
F3	5 (12.2%)
F4	17 (41.5%)
CD4 T-cells/mm3: median (IQR)	540 (441-782)
HIV-RNA < 40 copies/mL	41 (100.0%)

HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; IQR: Interquartile range.

Table 3 Main adverse events in 40 patients with available follow-up

Rash	10 (25%)
Anemia Hb < 13 g/dL (men), < 12 g/dL (women)	39 (98%)
Severe anemia (< 9 g/dL or decrease > 3 g/dL)	35 (88%)
Ribavirin dose decreased	23 (58%)
EPO administration	23 (58%)
Blood transfusion	2 (5%)

EPO: Erythropoietin; Hb: Hemoglobin.

Table 4 Baseline and post treatment NS3/4A-mutations among patients failing hepatitis C virus treatment

Genotype	Previouslytreated	HCV PI	Response totreatment	HIV PI	Pre-treatmentHCV VL	Baseline NS3/4A-mutations	Baselinefold-change	Post-treatmentNS3/4A-mutations	Post-treatmentfold change1
1a	Yes	Tela	Non-responder	Atazanavir	5.9	0		V36M, R155K	62
1a	Yes	Tela	Non-responder	0	5.8	0		V36M, R155K	62
1a	Yes	Tela	Breakthrough	Atazanavir	6.0	0		R155K	7.4
1a	Yes	Tela	Breakthrough	Atazanavir	6.5	0		V36M	6.8-10.0
1a	No	Tela	Breakthrough	Atazanavir	6.0	0		V36M, R155K	62
1b	Yes	Tela	Relapse	Atazanavir	6.4	I132V	1.8	I132V, V36A	7.4-7.5
1a	No	Tela	Relapse	0	6.3	I132V	1.8	I132V, V36A	7.4-7.5
1b	No	Tela	Relapse	0	4.9	I132V	1.8	I132V, V36A	7.4-7.5
1a	NA	Boce	Relapse	Darunavir	NA	NA	NA	T54S, R155K	8.5

¹Fold-change in EC₅₀ with regard to specific PI received. HCV: Hepatitis C virus; Tela: Telaprevir; Boce: Boceprevir; HIV PI: Human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor; NA: Data unavailable; VL: Viral load.