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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Hepatol. Jun 18, 2015; 7(11): 1572-1580
Published online Jun 18, 2015. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i11.1572
Table 1 Cytokines involved in hepatitis B virus - hepatocellular carcinoma risk
Cytokine genesPhysiological functionRole in viral clearance/persistenceSNP analyzedDisease association
IL-1ProinflammatoryViral clearanceIL-1B (-511 C > T)NS[28,29,31]; risk[30]
IL-1RN (VNTR)Risk[28]; protection[29];
Intron 2NS[30,31]
IL-1 haplotypesProtection[28]
IL-6Pro- as well as anti-inflammatoryBoth-572 C > GProtection[38]; NS[39]
-597 G > AProtection[38]
IL-6 haplotypesRisk[38]
IFN-γProinflammatoryViral clearance+874 T > AProtection[42]; NS[43]
IL-10Anti-inflammatoryViral persistence-819 C > T/-592 C > ARisk[49]; NS[50]
IL-10 haplotypesNS[49,51]
IL-12BProinflammatoryViral clearance+1188 A > C 3’UTRNS[50,54,55]
TNF-αProinflammatoryViral clearance-308 G > ANS[42,60]; risk[59]
TGF-β1Pro- as well as anti-inflammatoryBoth-509 C > TRisk[54]; protection[54,70,71]
IL-2ProinflammatoryViral clearance-330 T > GNS[50,54,77]; risk[78]
IL-4Anti-inflammatoryViral persistence-590 C > TProtection[54]; NS[50]
Table 2 Association of various cytokine genotypes in progression of hepatitis B infection
Cytokine genesOR (95%CI)
Ref.
ControlInactive HBV-carrierChronic-active HBVHBV-cirrhoticHBV-HCC
IL-1RN (VNTR) 1/21 (REF)0.45a (0.2-1)2.70b (1.3-5.3)2 (1-4)1.90 (1-4)[28]
-1 (REF)5.80h (2.5-13.4)4.20f (1.8-10)4.12f (1.7-10)
IL-6 (-572 G > C) GC1 (REF)3.98b (1.5-10.2)2.50a (1.1-6)0.94 (0.4-2)0.75 (0.3-1.7)[38]
-1 (REF)0.63 (0.2-2)0.24f (0.1-0.7)0.20f (0.06-0.6)
CC1 (REF)1.8 (0.6-5.6)2.54a (1.05-6.2)0.40a (0.16-1)1.50 (0.6-3.8)
-1 (REF)1.30 (0.3-5)0.20c (0.01-0.6)0.83 (0.2-3.2)
IL-6 (-597 G > A) GA1 (REF)8.65d (3-25)0.52 (0.2-1.2)0.63 (0.3-1.5)2.1 (0.7-6.4)
-1 (REF)0.06h (0.02-0.2)0.07h (0.03-0.2)0.22c (0.06-0.8)
IFN-γ(+874 T > A) TA1 (REF)2.20 (0.6-8)0.34b (0.14-0.8)0.56 (0.24-1.3)0.39a (0.17-0.85)[42]
AA1 (REF)0.65 (0.26-1.7)0.78 (0.34-1.8)0.62 (0.26-1.5)0.31b (0.13-0.72)
IL-10 (-819 C > T/-592 C > A)1 (REF)4.34d (1.83-10.3)ND2.02a (1-4.1)2.20a (1.05-4.5)[49]
IL-12B (+1188 A > C 3’UTR) CC1 (REF)1.44 (0.5-4.1)3.30b (1.3-8)1.3 (0.5-3.8)1.80 (0.6-5.3)[54]
TGF-β1 (-509 C > T) CT1 (REF)4.70d (1.8-12)2.20a (1-4.5)2.81b (1.3-5.8)2.10a (1-4.2)
TT1 (REF)15.42d (5-47.6)5.87d (2.2-15.7)1.50 (0.4-4.8)3.72b (1.4-10)
-1 (REF)0.38 (0.13-1.1)0.10h (0.03-0.3)0.24f (0.1-0.7)
IL-4 (-590 C > T)1 (REF)2.26b (1.2-4.2)0.40b (0.2-0.7)0.70 (0.38-1.27)1.65 (0.9-3)