Attar BM, George M, Ion-Nedelcu N, Ramadori G, Thiel DHV. Disease dependent qualitative and quantitative differences in the inflammatory response to ascites occurring in cirrhotics. World J Hepatol 2014; 6(2): 85-91 [PMID: 24575167 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v6.i2.85]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Bashar M Attar, MD, PhD, AGAF, FACP, FACG, FASGE, Professor, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, John H Stroger Hospital of Cook County, 1901 W. Harrison Street, Cook County-Admin. bldg, Suite 1450, Chicago, IL 60612, United States. battar@rush.edu
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Brief Article
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Hepatol. Feb 27, 2014; 6(2): 85-91 Published online Feb 27, 2014. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v6.i2.85
Table 1 Characteristics of the 57 subjects’ studies and of procalcitonin cytokines, and growth factors in plasma (mean ± SEM)
Parameter
ETOH
HCV
Malignancy
Cardiac
n
25
20
8
4
Male/female
18/7
14/6
5/3
2/2
CTP score
9.1 ± 0.2
8.2 ± 0.1
8.1 ± 0.1
8.1 ± 0.1
Laboratory tests
Creatinine (mg/dL)
1.2 ± 0.1
1.1 ± 0.1
1.2 ± 0.3
1.3 ± 0.2
Prothrombin time (s)
14.0 ± 0.4
13.8 ± 1.0
13.6 ± 0.2
12.5 ± 0.2
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)
1.4 ± 0.1
1.2 ± 0.2
1.4 ± 0.2
1.9 ± 0.3
Albumin (g/dL)
3.1 ± 0.2
3.2 ± 0.2
3.0 ± 0.4
3.2 ± 0.3
PCT
0.375 ± 0.215
0.440 ± 0.230
0.954 ± 0.242
0.092 ± 0.70
IL-1A
0.26 ± 0.146
0.160 ± 0.070
0.182 ± 0.106
0.135 ± 0.065
IL-1B
4.710 ± 2.252
1.747 ± 0.800
1.982 ± 0.106
1.610 ± 0.990
IL-2
2.498 ± 1.333
1.203 ± 0.548
2.690 ± 1.905
1.025 ± 0.375
IL-4
3.157 ± 1.429
2.580 ± 1.005
1.508 ± 0.422
1.430 ± 0.090
IL-6
83.791 ± 47.204
164.430 ± 70.891
105.392 ± 60.511
129.700 ± 112.500
IL-8
92.790 ± 44.935
334.513 ± 184.222
104.165 ± 61.670
16.415 ± 6.815
IL-10
1.335 ± 0.454
1.620 ± 0.779
1.117 ± 0.297
1.415 ± 0.615
MCP-1
111.139 ± 17.746
326.407 ± 137.768
116.052 ± 32.101
88.350 ± 35.150
IFNγ
1.148 ± 0.650
0.303 ± 0.058
0.712 ± 0.201
0.725 ± 0.525
TNF-α
3.887 ± 1.218
5.843 ± 2.248
4.805 ± 1.304
13.600 ± 11.80
EGF
37.451 ±11.642
92.453 ± 42.231
70.690 ± 36.431
126.00 ± 35.150
VEGF
11.658 ± 4.419
194.347 ± 130.788
20.523 ± 7.739
41.470 ± 32.870
Table 2 Procalcitonin, cytokines and growth factors in the ascitic fluid (mean ± SEM)
ETOH
HCV
Malignancy
Cardiac
n
25
20
8
4
PCT
0.221 ± 0.129
0.125 ± 0.115
0.647 ± 0.497
0.043 ± 0.033
IL-1A
0.168 ± 0.042
0.200 ± 0.058
0.153 ± 0.052
0.700 ± 0.400
IL-1B
7.479 ± 4.813
4.3 ± 1.193
4.900 ± 1.021
5.000 ± 0.300
IL-2
1.368 ± 1.628
0.667 ± 0.067
1.990 ± 1.044
0.650 ± 0.050
IL-4
9.268 ± 1.628
15.833 ± 4.932
6.533 ± 0.984
10.555 ± 4.85
IL-6
687.177 ± 30.115
807.764 ± 0.867
707.525 ± 54.339
790.05 ± 39.750
IL-8
338.015 ± 91.838
329.567 ± 91.926
229.200 ± 105.057
718.25 ± 80.150
IL-10
74.686 ± 39.663
15.200 ± 3.5
9.043 ± 3.876
76.500 ± 44.700
MCP-1
919.608 ± 41.636
537.600 ± 88.357
576.728 ± 206.393
421.900 ± 82.6
IFNγ
2.114 ± 0.671
0.467 ± 0.267
1.488 ± 0.838
0.2 ± 0.1
TNF-α
22.818 ± 8.882
30.433 ± 20.055
9.672 ± 1.786
70.950 ± 61.750
EGF
1.318 ± 0.345
0.967 ± 0.167
2.407 ± 0.465
4.9 ± 3.4
VEGF
54.383 ± 12.143
129.733 ± 63.589
689.12 ± 499.836
119.450 ± 117.950
Table 3 Mean levels of the plasma factors aligned from the highest to the lowest for each disease group
Highest values → Lowest values
IL-1A
ETOH
Malignancy
HCV
Cardiac
0.260
0.182
0.160
0.135
IL-1B
ETOH
Malignancy
HCV
Cardiac
4.710
1.082
1.747
1.61
IL-2
Malignancy
ETOH
HCV
Cardiac
2.690
2.498
1.203
1.025
IL-4
ETOH
HCV
Malignancy
Cardiac
3.157
2.580
1.508
1.43
IL-6
HCV
Cardiac
Malignancy
ETOH
164.430
129.700
109.392
83.791
IL-8
HCV
Malignancy
ETOH
Cardiac
334.513
104.265
92.790
16.415
IL-10
HCV
Cardiac
ETOH
Malignancy
1.620
1.415
1.335
1.117
MCP-1
HCV
Malignancy
ETOH
Cardiac
326.407
116.052
111.130
88.35
IFN-γ
ETOH
Cardiac
Malignancy
HCV
1.148
0.725
0.712
0.303
TNF-α
Cardiac
HCV
Malignancy
ETOH
13.600
5.843
4.805
3.887
EGF
Cardiac
HCV
Malignancy
ETOH
126.000
92.453
70.690
37.451
VEGF
HCV
Cardiac
Malignancy
ETOH
194.347
41.470
20.523
11.658
Table 4 Mean values of the various factors in the ascitic fluid aligned from the highest to the lowest
Highest values → Lowest values
IL-1A
Cardiac
HCV
ETOH
Malignancy
0.700
0.200
0.168
0.153
IL-1B
ETOH
Cardiac
Malignancy
HCV
7.479
5.000
4.900
4.300
IL-2
Malignancy
ETOH
HCV
Cardiac
1.990
1.368
0.667
0.650
IL-4
HCV
Cardiac
ETOH
Malignancy
15.833
10.555
9.268
6.533
IL-6
HCV
Cardiac
Malignancy
ETOH
807.764
790.050
707.525
687.177
IL-8
Cardiac
ETOH
HCV
Malignancy
718.250
338.015
329.567
229.200
IL-10
Cardiac
ETOH
HCV
Malignancy
76.500
74.686
15.200
9.043
MCP-1
ETOH
Malignancy
HCV
Cardiac
919.608
576.728
537.600
421.900
IFN-γ
ETOH
Malignancy
HCV
Cardiac
2.114
1.488
0.467
0.200
TNF-α
Cardiac
HCV
ETOH
Malignancy
70.950
30.433
22.818
9.672
EGF
Cardiac
Malignancy
ETOH
HCV
4.900
2.407
1.318
0.967
VEGF
Malignancy
HCV
Cardiac
ETOH
689.120
129.733
119.456
54.383
Table 5 Mean plasma- ascitic cytokine gradients segregated by disease etiology
HCV
ETOH
Malignancy
Cardiac
IL-1A
-0.040
0.092
0.029
-0.565
IL-1B
-2.553
-2.769
1977.100
-3.390
IL-2
0.540
1.530
0.700
0.875
IL-4
-13.253
-6.111
-5.025
-9.125
IL-6
-643.337
-603.386
-602.133
-639.35
IL-8
-5.054
-245.225
-125.035
-701.835
IL-10
-13.580
-73.331
-7.926
-75.085
MCP-1
-201.193
-303.469
-460.673
-333.35
IFN-γ
-0.164
-0.966
-0.776
0.525
TNF-α
-24.590
-18.931
-4.777
57.050
EGF
96.486
36.176
-68.283
121.100
VEGF
64.614
-42.725
-668.649
-77.980
Citation: Attar BM, George M, Ion-Nedelcu N, Ramadori G, Thiel DHV. Disease dependent qualitative and quantitative differences in the inflammatory response to ascites occurring in cirrhotics. World J Hepatol 2014; 6(2): 85-91