Relationship between vitamin D and IL-23, IL-17 and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 as markers of fibrosis in hepatitis C virus Egyptians

Table 1 Laboratory data of study groups

Item	Group I (HCV infected subjects)	Group II (controls)
25(OH) vit D (ng/mL)	15 ± 5.2a	39.7 ± 10.8
1,25(OH) vit D (ng/mL)	16.6 ± 4.8a	41.9 ± 7.9
IL-23 (ng/mL)	154 ± 97.8a	6.7 ± 2.17
IL-17 (ng/mL)	70.7 ± 72.5a	1.2 ± 0.4
MCP-1 (ng/mL)	1582 ± 794.4a	216.1 ± 5.38

^aP < 0.0002. Vit: Vitamin; IL: Interleukin; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; MCP-1: Macrophage chemoattractant protein-1.

Table 2 Correlations between different parameters in hepatitis C virus infected subjects

Items	R	P value
Vit D, viral load	-0.84	0.000
Active D, viral load	-0.846	0.000
Vit D and IL-23	-0.776	0.000
Active D and IL-23	-0.801	0.000
Vit D and IL-17	-0.665	0.000
Active D and IL-17	-0.679	0.000
IL-17 and viral load	0.951	0.000
IL-23 and viral load	0.922	0.000
MCP-1 and viral load	0.94	0.000
MCP-1 and vitamin D	-0.94	0.000
MCP-1 and active D	-0.92	0.000

Vit: Vitamin; IL: Interleukin; MCP-1: Macrophage chemoattractant protein-1.

Table 3 Differences between male and female subgroups of the hepatitis C virus infected patients

Item	Male group (n = 27)	Female group (n = 23)	P value
Vit D (ng/mL)	15.0 ± 5.12910	15.0 ± 5.6	1
Active vit D (ng/mL)	16.6 ± 4.5	16.6 ± 5.3	0.96
Viral load (IU/mL)	126.8 ± 98.6	129.3 ± 102.6	0.93
IL-23 (ng/mL)	152.4 ± 96.6	156.1 ± 101.3	0.92
IL-17 (ng/mL)	69.8 ± 69.2	71.9 ± 77.6	0.9
MCP-1 (ng/mL)	1575.7 ± 765.4	1589.4 ± 844.5	0.9

Vit: Vitamin; IL: Interleukin; MCP-1: Macrophage chemoattractant protein-1.

Table 4 Laboratory data in the four subgroups of hepatitis C virus infected subjects

Item	Group Ia (bright hepatomegaly) (n = 14)	Group Ib (perihepatic fibrosis) (n = 11)	Group Ic (liver cirrhosis) (n = 11)	Group Id (HCC) (n = 14)	Normal (n = 25)	P value
IL-17 (ng/mL)	7.6	5.1	115.9	150.3	1.26	0.000
IL-23 (ng/mL)	76.8	51.2	259.3	225.9	6.7	0.000
Vit D (ng/mL)	19.8	19.4	10.9	9.7	39.1	0.000
Active vit D (ng/mL)	20.6	21	13	11.7	41.1	0.000
Viral load (IU/mL)	66.3	42.4	165.1	231.1	0	0.000
MCP-1 (ng/mL)	910.3	838.8	2090.9	2448	237.34	0.000

Vit: Vitamin; IL: Interleukin; MCP-1: Macrophage chemoattractant protein-1; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.