Bacteremia and "Endotipsitis" following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting

Table 1 Patients characteristics

Group characteristics		No bacteremia	Positive culture	Persistent bacteremia	P value
Number of patients		57	32	7	P = NS
Gender (M/F)		30/27	19/20	3/4	P = NS
Mean age at time of procedure (years) (range)		55.76 ± 13.44	55.89 ± 13.62	55.85 ± 13.38	P = NS
Underling liver disease	HCV	13 (21.05%)	12 (37.5%)	6 (85.7%)	P < 0.004
	HBV	12 (21.05%)	4 (12.5%)	1 (14.2%)	P = NS
	Cryptogenic	13 (22.8%)	5 (15.6%)	None	P = 0.08
	Budd-Chiari	7 (12.28%)	3 (9.3%)	None	P = 0.08
	NASH	3(5.26%)	2 (6.25%)	None	P = NS
	Miscellaneous	10 (17.54%)	6 (18.75%)	None	P = NS
	Variceal bleeding	30 (31.2%)	9 (28.1%)	4 (57.1%)	P = 0.056
Indication for TIPS	Refractory ascites	27 (28.12%)	21 (23.95%)	2 (28.57%)	P = NS
	Hepatic hydrothorax	1 (1.04%)	None	1 (14.2%)	P = NS
	Hepatorenal syndrome	2 (2.08%)	1(1.04%)	None	P = NS
Time of procedure (min), mean (range)		70 ± 37	85 ± 51	109 ± 58	P < 0.039
MELD, mean (range)		13.96 (6-32)	14.11 (6-32)	16.5 (9-22)	P = NS
CPT, mean (range)		8.19 (5-13)	9.23 (5-13)	12 (9-13)	P < 0.001
Hypothyroidism		7 (12.28%)	17 (53.1%)	6 (85%)	P < 0.001
Failure to use prophylactic antibiotics		7 (12.28%)	18 (56.25%)	6 (85%)	P < 0.001

M/F: Male/Female; CPT: Child-Pugh-Turcotte; MELD: Model for End-stage Liver Disease; TIPS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting; NASH: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Table 2 Microbiological characteristics

Microorganism	Frequency (%)
Staphylococcus aureus	41
Staphylococcus coagulase negative	26
Enterococci species	15
Candida species	15
Others	3