Clinical characteristics of patients with hepatitis and cirrhosis and the construction of a prediction model

doi:10.4254/wjh.v17.i2.96506

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Feb 27, 2025 (publication date) through Feb 20, 2025

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World Journal of Hepatology

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1948-5182

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Hepatol. Feb 27, 2025; 17(2): 96506
Published online Feb 27, 2025. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v17.i2.96506

Table 1 Comparison of baseline data between modeling and verification cohorts, mean ± SD/n (%)

Index		Total cases (n = 1070)	Modeling queue (n = 749)	Verification queue (n = 321)	t/χ²/Z	P value
Gender	Man	679 (63.46)	487 (65.02)	192 (59.81)	2.627	0.105
Gender	Woman	391 (36.54)	262 (34.98)	129 (40.19)	2.627	0.105
Age (years)		46.84 ± 11.73	46.58 ± 11.77	47.45 ± 11.63	1.112	0.266
Hepatitis classification	Mild	242 (22.62)	161 (21.50)	81 (25.23)	0.849	0.396
	Moderate	753 (70.37)	538 (71.83)	215 (66.98)
	Serious	75 (7.01)	50 (6.68)	25 (7.79)
Alb (× 10⁹/L)		43.11 ± 4.70	43.02 ± 4.65	43.32 ± 4.79	0.958	0.338
LDH (U/L)		210.73 ± 93.70	210.07 ± 73.36	212.28 ± 129.41	0.353	0.724
CHE (U/L)		7376.59 ± 2247.89	7298.93 ± 2190.67	7557.79 ± 2369.69	1.728	0.084
WBC (× 10⁹/L)		5.19 ± 1.53	5.19 ± 1.51	5.20 ± 1.59	0.098	0.922
RBC (× 10¹²/L)		4.74 ± 0.50	4.73 ± 0.51	4.74 ± 0.49	0.297	0.766
HGB (g/L)		145.45 ± 16.13	145.56 ± 15.96	145.22 ± 16.54	0.316	0.752
ANC (× 10⁹/L)		2.84 ± 16.13	2.81 ± 1.07	2.89 ± 1.25	1.064	0.288
ALC (× 10⁹/L)		1.86 ± 0.65	1.88 ± 0.66	1.84 ± 0.64	0.917	0.360
GOT/GPT		0.76 ± 0.43	0.75 ± 0.42	0.78 ± 0.46	1.040	0.299
PTA (%)		109.50 ± 18.79	108.16 ± 40.22	112.61 ± 40.40	1.545	0.123
HBeAg (S/CO)		1745.74 ± 32177.8	2355.23 ± 38449.88	323.60 ± 526.52	0.946	0.344
INR		1.02 ± 0.12	1.03 ± 0.31	1.00 ± 0.31	1.451	0.147
PT (second)		11.76 ± 1.39	11.84 ± 4.38	11.57 ± 3.38	0.986	0.325
HA (ng/mL)		141.29 ± 142.55	147.90 ± 173.41	125.87 ± 160.61	1.946	0.052
LN (μg/L)		54.47 ± 42.36	56.44 ± 55.54	49.87 ± 43.43	1.886	0.060
PLT (× 10⁹/L)		362.35 ± 4394.84	439.84 ± 5251.83	181.54 ± 63.11	0.881	0.379

Alb: Albumin; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; CHE: Cholinesterase; WBC: White blood cell; RBC: Red blood cell; HGB: Hemoglobin; ANC: Absolute neutrophil count; ALC: Absolute lymphocyte count; PTA: Prothrombin activity; GOT: Aspartate aminotransferase; GPT: Alanine aminotransferase; HBeAg: Hepatitis B E antigen; INR: International normalized ratio; PT: Plasma prothrombin time; HA: Hyaluronic acid; LN: Laminin; PLT: Platelet count.

Table 2 Comparison of clinical data between the hepatitis group and the hepatitis cirrhosis group in the modeling cohort, mean ± SD/n (%)

Index		Total cases (n = 749)	Hepatitis group (n = 688)	Hepatitis cirrhosis group (n = 61)	t/χ²/Z	P value
Gender	Man	487 (65.02)	447 (64.97)	40 (65.57)	0.009	0.924
Gender	Woman	262 (34.98)	241 (35.03)	21 (34.43)	0.009	0.924
Age (years)			46.12 ± 22.80	51.79 ± 10.06	1.925	0.051
Hepatitis classification	Mild	161 (21.50)	152 (22.09)	9 (14.75)	1.342	0.180
	Moderate	538 (71.83)	491 (71.37)	47 (77.05)
	Serious	50 (6.68)	45 (6.54)	5 (8.20)
Allergy history		44 (5.87)	40 (5.81)	4 (6.56)	0.002	0.963
Disease history	Hypertension	41 (5.47)	38 (5.52)	3 (4.92)	0.605	0.545
	Diabetes	38 (5.07)	35 (5.09)	3 (4.92)
	Heart disease	30 (4.01)	29 (4.22)	1 (1.64)
Operation history		99 (13.22)	90 (13.08)	9 (14.75)	0.137	0.712
Smoking history		95 (12.68)	86 (12.50)	9 (14.75)	0.257	0.612
Drinking history		90 (12.02)	82 (11.92)	8 (13.11)	0.769	0.380
Family history of disease		572 (76.37)	520 (75.58)	52 (85.25)	2.900	0.089
Treatment regimen	Monotherapy	623 (83.18)	568 (82.56)	55 (90.16)	2.317	0.128
Treatment regimen	Combination therapy	126 (16.82)	120 (17.44)	6 (9.84)	2.317	0.128
Alb (× 10⁹/L)		43.02 ± 4.65	43.10 ± 4.60	42.13 ± 1.06	2.891	0.004
LDH (U/L)		210.07 ± 73.36	210.33 ± 11.13	207.17 ± 10.49	2.133	0.033
CHE (U/L)		7298.93 ± 2190.67	7336.36 ± 1184.27	6876.75 ± 1236.59	2.895	0.004
PTA (%)		108.16 ± 19.22	108.92 ± 19.13	99.62 ± 18.22	3.653	0.000
HBeAg (S/CO)		2355.23 ± 38449.88	2543.73 ± 314.87	229.18 ± 303.99	55.175	0.000
WBC (× 10⁹/L)		5.19 ± 1.51	5.25 ± 1.51	4.55 ± 1.22	3.520	0.001
RBC (× 10¹²/L)		4.73 ± 0.51	4.74 ± 0.31	4.64 ± 0.23	2.460	0.014
HGB (g/L)		145.56 ± 15.96	145.70 ± 6.12	143.97 ± 3.97	2.167	0.031
ANC (× 10⁹/L)		2.81 ± 1.07	2.85 ± 1.09	2.45 ± 0.81	2.798	0.005
ALC (× 10⁹/L)		1.88 ± 0.66	1.90 ± 0.66	1.69 ± 0.60	2.399	0.017
GOT/GPT		0.75 ± 0.42	0.74 ± 0.42	0.86 ± 0.36	2.162	0.031
INR		1.03 ± 0.11	1.02 ± 0.12	1.07 ± 0.13	3.097	0.002
PT (second)		11.84 ± 1.38	11.79 ± 1.37	12.35 ± 1.43	3.049	0.002
HA (ng/mL)		147.90 ± 145.41	144.64 ± 142.14	184.75 ± 175.34	2.069	0.039
LN (μg/L)		56.44 ± 45.54	55.72 ± 24.77	64.63 ± 23.16	2.706	0.007
PLT (× 10⁹/L)		439.84 ± 5251.83	179.83 ± 54.36	3372.49 ± 18283.84	4.612	0.000

Table 3 Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for hepatitis cirrhosis

	B	SE	Wals	P value	OR	95%CI
Alb	-0.033	0.043	0.608	0.736	0.967	0.890 to 1.052
LDH	-0.002	0.002	1.211	0.271	0.998	0.993 to 1.002
CHE	0.000	0.000	1.565	0.211	1.000	1.000 to 1.000
GOT/GPT	0.640	0.305	4.401	0.036	1.896	1.043 to 3.448
INR	14.952	9.843	2.307	0.129	2.536	0.013 to 7.450
PT	-1.566	0.877	3.184	0.074	0.209	0.037 to 1.167
PTA	-0.049	0.022	5.252	0.022	0.952	0.913 to 0.993
HBeAg	-0.001	0.000	5.310	0.021	0.999	0.999 to 1.000
HA	0.000	0.001	0.088	0.767	1.000	0.998 to 1.003
LN	0.000	0.004	0.015	0.901	1.000	0.992 to 1.007
PLT	0.000	0.000	0.574	0.449	1.000	1.000 to 1.000
WBC	-1.527	0.794	3.701	0.054	0.217	0.046 to 1.029
RBC	-0.311	0.586	0.281	0.596	0.733	0.233 to 2.310
HGB	0.027	0.018	2.129	0.145	1.027	0.991 to 1.065
ANC	1.302	0.864	2.268	0.132	3.676	0.676 to 20.002
ALC	0.963	0.831	1.341	0.247	2.619	0.513 to 13.364
Constant	6.572	5.590	1.382	0.240	715.135

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; Alb: Albumin; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; CHE: Cholinesterase; WBC: White blood cell; RBC: Red blood cell; HGB: Hemoglobin; ANC: Absolute neutrophil count; ALC: Absolute lymphocyte count; PTA: Prothrombin activity; GOT: Aspartate aminotransferase; GPT: Alanine aminotransferase; HBeAg: Hepatitis B E antigen; INR: International normalized ratio; PT: Plasma prothrombin time; HA: Hyaluronic acid; LN: Laminin; PLT: Platelet count.

Table 4 Comparison of clinical data between the validation cohort hepatitis group and the hepatitis cirrhosis group, mean ± SD/n (%)

Index		Total cases (n = 321)	Hepatitis group (n = 295)	Hepatitis cirrhosis group (n = 26)	t/χ²/Z	P value
Gender	Man	192 (59.81)	180 (61.02)	12 (46.15)	2.196	0.138
Gender	Woman	129 (40.19)	115 (38.98)	14 (53.85)	2.196	0.138
Age (years)			46.89 ± 21.68	53.85 ± 9.03	1.623	0.106
Hepatitis classification	Mild	81 (25.23)	78 (26.44)	3 (11.54)	1.718	0.086
	Moderate	215 (66.98)	195 (66.10)	20 (76.92)
	Serious	25 (7.79)	22 (7.46)	3 (11.54)
Alb (× 10⁹/L)		43.32 ± 4.79	43.44 ± 3.70	41.97 ± 2.64	1.981	0.049
LDH (U/L)		212.28 ± 129.41	203.94 ± 66.37	306.92 ± 390.42	3.979	0.000
CHE (U/L)		7557.79 ± 2369.69	7617.54 ± 1352.37	6879.85 ± 1506.37	2.642	0.009
PTA (%)		112.61 ± 17.40	114.05 ± 16.15	96.36 ± 22.54	5.166	0.000
HBeAg (S/CO)		323.60 ± 526.52	340.11 ± 333.91	136.59 ± 395.57	2.933	0.004
WBC (× 10⁹/L)		5.20 ± 1.59	5.28 ± 1.57	4.30 ± 1.48	3.065	0.002
RBC (× 10¹²/L)		4.74 ± 0.49	4.76 ± 0.48	4.46 ± 0.47	3.060	0.002
HGB (g/L)		145.22 ± 16.54	145.96 ± 15.98	136.77 ± 20.42	2.744	0.006
ANC (× 10⁹/L)		2.89 ± 1.25	2.94 ± 1.26	2.24 ± 0.96	2.761	0.006
ALC (× 10⁹/L)		1.84 ± 0.64	1.85 ± 0.45	1.63 ± 0.41	2.406	0.017
GOT/GPT		0.78 ± 0.46	0.77 ± 0.46	1.00 ± 0.44	2.452	0.015
INR		1.00 ± 0.11	0.99 ± 0.22	1.11 ± 0.12	2.743	0.006
PT (second)		11.57 ± 1.38	11.45 ± 0.96	12.95 ± 3.35	5.576	0.000
HA (ng/mL)		125.87 ± 134.61	124.44 ± 34.51	142.08 ± 37.40	2.482	0.014
LN (μg/L)		49.87 ± 33.43	48.29 ± 31.21	67.75 ± 49.89	2.878	0.004
PLT (× 10⁹/L)		181.54 ± 63.11	185.44 ± 61.16	137.27 ± 69.18	3.809	0.000

Citation: Huang YS, Gao W, Sun AJ, Pu CW, Xu SS. Clinical characteristics of patients with hepatitis and cirrhosis and the construction of a prediction model. World J Hepatol 2025; 17(2): 96506
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v17/i2/96506.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v17.i2.96506