Yu YB, Fu XJ, Xu GF, Niu LY, Duan RN, Yao J, Zhao NH. Effects of nocturnal snacks on body composition in patients with liver cirrhosis. World J Hepatol 2024; 16(12): 1458-1467 [DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i12.1458]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Ning-Hui Zhao, MD, Attending Doctor, Department of Gastroenterology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, No. 99 Longcheng Street, Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China. znh7525@163.com
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Hepatol. Dec 27, 2024; 16(12): 1458-1467 Published online Dec 27, 2024. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i12.1458
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of enrolled patients with liver cirrhosis and healthy controls
Variable
Healthy control subjects
Liver cirrhosis patients
P value
Participants (n)
30
70
-
Age (year)
53 ± 6.2
56.1 ± 5.1
0.199
Women, n (%)
14 (46.7)
31 (44.3)
0.826
BMI (kg/m2)
24.8 ± 4.1
22.5 ± 3.7
0.413
Energy intake (kcal/day)
2443 ± 473
2264 ± 642
0.031
TBW (L)
40.04 ± 6.67
40.25 ± 9.38
0.221
ICW (L)
26.84 ± 6.36
25.62 ± 6.32
0.316
ECW (L)
14.81 ± 2.50
14.63 ± 3.41
0.332
TBP (kg)
10.91 ± 1.80
11.09 ± 2.73
0.153
Mineral (kg)
3.67 ± 0.61
4.03± 1.07
0.341
BFM (kg)
21.27 ± 6.74
14.38 ± 6.63
< 0.001
SMM (kg)
33.91 ± 5.49
21.42 ± 8.22
< 0.001
FFM (kg)
54.63 ± 3.08
48.02 ± 3.85
< 0.001
PBF (%)
27.77 ± 7.50
20.37 ± 8.13
0.227
WHR
0.90 ± 0.05
0.83 ± 0.14
0.612
VFA (cm2)
95.61 ± 3.78
66.32 ± 3.50
< 0.001
BCM (kg)
36.16 ± 3.04
31.72 ± 2.02
< 0.001
Table 2 Basic information of patients with liver cirrhosis in the normal diet and nocturnal snacks groups
Variable
Normal diet group
Nocturnal snacks group
P value
Patients (n)
35
35
-
Age (year)
54.8 ± 4.9
57.3 ± 4.7
0.173
Women, n (%)
13 (37.1)
18 (51.4)
0.229
BMI (kg/m2)
24.8 ± 3.9
24.60 ± 2.9
0.611
Pathogenesis, n (%)
0.444
HBV
21 (60.0)
26 (74.3)
HCV
6 (17.1)
4 (11.4)
Alcoholic
8 (22.9)
5 (14.3)
ALT (IU/L)
72.3 ± 64.7
89.6 ± 73.5
0.586
AST (IU/L)
89 (37,153)
82 (41,160)
0.510
Albumin (g/L)
35.6 ± 6.8
35.1 ± 6.5
0.824
Total bilirubin (μmol/L)
129 (43,215)
112 (41,224)
0.786
Prothrombin time (s)
16.8 ± 7.4
15.5 ± 6.1
0.572
INR
1.48 ± 0.6
1.37 ± 0.5
0.578
Urea nitrogen (mmol/L)
8.0 ± 2.3
6.0 ± 2.1
0.520
Serum creatinine (μmol/L)
56.9 ± 11.3
59.9 ± 15.1
0.509
Ascites, n (%)
24 (68.6)
27 (77.1)
0.420
Child–Turcotte–Pugh, n (%)
0.939
A
5 (14.3)
6 (17.1)
B
15 (42.9)
14 (40.0)
C
15 (42.9)
15 (42.9)
Table 3 Comparison of body composition before intervention between the normal diet and nocturnal snacks groups
Body composition indexes
Normal diet group (n = 35)
Nocturnal snacks group (n = 35)
P value
TBW (L)
39.73 ± 7.14
41.80 ± 7.10
0.414
ICW (L)
25.14 ± 4.33
26.24 ± 2.64
0.309
ECW (L)
14.59 ± 2.41
15.56 ± 2.79
0.229
ECW/TBW (%)
37.62 ± 3.22
37.22 ± 4.17
0.332
TBP (kg)
12.09 ± 2.73
10.73 ± 1.88
0.479
Mineral (kg)
7.07 ± 3.12
5.97 ± 2.68
0.872
BFM (kg)
13.72 ± 2.23
15.71 ± 3.16
0.178
SMM (kg)
22.19 ± 2.19
20.38 ± 2.65
0.520
FFM (kg)
50.21 ± 2.17
47.52 ± 2.64
0.509
PBF (%)
21.19 ± 7.19
19.48 ± 4.16
0.711
WHR
0.81 ± 0.24
0.84 ± 0.06
0.332
VFA (cm2)
67.12 ± 1.17
65.93 ± 2.67
0.175
BCM (kg)
30.33 ± 1.02
32.16 ± 1.21
0.648
Table 4 Survey of daily activity levels of the two groups during the intervention, n (%)
Daily activity volume
Normal diet group (n = 35)
Nocturnal snacks group (n = 35)
P value
Low-level activity
9 (25.7)
9 (25.7)
0.921
Medium-level activity
23 (65.7)
22 (62.9)
High-level of activity
3 (8.6)
4 (11.4)
Table 5 Comparison of basic information of patients with liver cirrhosis in the normal diet and nocturnal snacks groups at the end of the observation
Variable
Normal diet group (n = 35)
Nocturnal snacks group (n = 35)
P value
ALT (IU/L)
31.5 ± 10.6
29.0 ± 11.2
0.615
AST (IU/L)
38.1 ± 19.2
39.1 ± 13.3
0.894
Albumin (g/L)
34.6 ± 4.3
34.1 ± 4.7
0.762
Total bilirubin (μmol/L)
29.9 ± 25.8
19.2 ± 10.2
0.238
Prothrombin time (s)
13.5 ± 2.6
13.5 ± 1.7
0.732
INR
1.2 ± 0.2
1.3 ± 0.2
0.723
Urea nitrogen (mmol/L)
5.4 ± 2.7
4.9 ± 0.9
0.582
Serum creatinine (μmol/L)
69.1 ± 12.1
65.7 ± 12.0
0.537
Ascites, n (%)
22 (62.9)
23 (65.7)
0.803
Child–Turcotte–Pugh, n (%)
0.945
A
7 (20.0)
6 (17.1)
B
15 (42.9)
15 (42.9)
C
13 (37.1)
14 (40.0)
Citation: Yu YB, Fu XJ, Xu GF, Niu LY, Duan RN, Yao J, Zhao NH. Effects of nocturnal snacks on body composition in patients with liver cirrhosis. World J Hepatol 2024; 16(12): 1458-1467