Liver failure after Bacillus cereus food poisoning, an under-recognized entity: A case report

Table 1 Previous case reports of hepatocellular dysfunctions and liver failures induced by Bacillus cereus food poisoning

Sex and age	1Year	Country	Ref.	Food	n	Symptoms	pH at admission	Transaminase levels (peak value) (U/L)	CK at admission or peak (U/L)	Lactate (mmol/L)	Factor V or PT (%)	Imaging	Prehospital treatment	In-hospital treatment
M, 17 years old	1997	Switzerland	Mahler et al[8]	Spaghetti with pesto	4	Emesis, lethargy, jaundice	7.27	AST: 2.140; ALT: 5.270	2.56	14.4	PT: 12	NA	Aspirin (1 g), acetaminophen (1 g), thiethylperazine, meclizine, domperidone	Unspecified antibiotic
F, 7 years old	2005	Belgium	Dierick et al[9]	Pasta	3	Vomiting, respiratory distress	NA	AST: 3.123; ALT: 2.636	NA	NA	PT: < 10	NA	NA	Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
M, 9 years old	2005	Belgium	Dierick et al[9]	Pasta	3	Nausea, vomiting	7.16	AST: 1.858; ALT: 5.181	NA	9.5	PT: 23.1	NA	NA	Endotracheal intubation with mechanical ventilation. vitamin K, lactuloses (oral and rectal), n-acetylcysteine, neomycin
F, 9 years old	2005	Belgium	Dierick et al[9]	Pasta	3	Nausea, emesis	7.37	AST: 239; ALT: 447	NA	13.8	PT: 83.7	NA	NA	Bicarbonate
F, 10 years old	2005	Belgium	Dierick et al[9]	Pasta	3	Nausea, emesis	7.37	AST: 5.327; ALT: 4.101	NA	8.8	PT: 30.6	NA	NA	Bicarbonate
F, 10 years old	2008	Switzerland	Pósfay-Barbe et al[10]	Pasta	2	Abdominal pain, emesis, diarrhea, convulsion	6.74	AST: 14.622; ALT: 9.018	22	17	FV: 25	CT scan: Intestinal wall thickening	NA	OTI, meropenem, clindamycin, vasopressors
M, 1 years old	2008	Japan	Shiota et al[11]	Fried rice	1	Emesis lethargy, unconsciousness, cardiac arrest	6.25	AST: 164; ALT: 131	175	23	NA	NA	NA	Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
F, 2 years old	2008	Japan	Shiota et al[11]	Fried rice	1	Emesis, lethargy, unconsciousness	7.18	AST: 104; ALT: 34	114	11.6	NA	NA	NA	Plasma exchange followed by hemodialysis
M, 11 years old	2010	Japan	Ichikawa et al[12]	Fried rice	1	Vomiting, convulsions	7.29	AST: 10.399; ALT: 6.118	458	11.8	PT: 38	NA	NA	Methylprednisolone, cyclosporin A, therapeutic hypothermia, mannitol, edaravone
M, 20 years old	2011	Belgium	Naranjo et al[7]	Spaghetti with tomato sauce	5	Emesis, diarrhea	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
M, 15 years old	2012	France	Saleh et al[13]	Pasta	NA	Abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, fever	7.41	AST: 3.829; ALT: 4.823	12.592	5.4	FV: 35	Liver ultrasound: Normal; CT scan: Hepatomegaly	NA	Piperacillin-tazobactam
M, 13 years old	2015	Germany	Tschied et al[14]	Rice	2	Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, lethargy	NA	AST: 38.811; ALT: 19.976	141 (Peak: 389.355)	12	FV: < 5	Liver ultrasound: Hepatomegaly	NA	Vasopressors, hemodialysis, transplantation (living donor)
M, 25 years old	2021	Austria	Schreiber et al[17]	Rice	3	Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea	NA	AST: 11.578; ALT: 8.959	161 (Peak: 2186)	9.9	FV: 8; PT: 4.3	NA	NA	Lactulose, piperacillin/tazobactam, rifaximin, n-acetylcysteine
F, 11 years old	2022	France	Thery et al[15]	Lasagna	3	Abdominal pain, nausea. vomiting	7.26	AST: 5.912; ALT: 8.571	2.134 (Peak: 36.666)	12.1	FV: 26; PT: 19	NA	NA	OTI, cefotaxime, micafungin, benzylpenicillin, vancomycin, n-acetylcysteine, hemodialysis, norepinephrine
M, 4 years old	2022	Japan	Kubota et al[16]	Rice	NA	Vomiting, diarrhea, convulsion, loss of consciousness	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
F, 48 years old (This case)	2023	Switzerland	Chatelanat et al	Rice	2	Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, asthenia	7.14	AST: 2.228; ALT: 2.423	1.525 (Peak: 6.047)	13.9	FV: 15	Liver ultrasound: Air in portal vessels	Acetaminophen (1 g)	N-acetylcysteine

¹Year: Year of publication.

F: Female; M: Male; n: Number of day(s) elapsed between cooking and consumption; pH: Potential of hydrogen; AST: Aspartate transaminase; ALT: Alanine transaminase; FV: Factor V; OTI: Orotracheal intubation; CK: Creatin kinase; PT: Prothrombin time; NA: Not reported; CT: Computed tomography.