Case Control Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Hepatol. Jul 27, 2023; 15(7): 904-913
Published online Jul 27, 2023. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i7.904
Table 1 Patient characteristics for the third trimester and after delivery
ParametersNormal range1ICP
Control
3. trimester, n = 98
Postpartal, n = 17
3. trimester, n = 228
Postpartal, n = 38
Age (years)31.0 ± 4.2a28.3 ± 3.5c32.2 ± 5.232.9 ± 4.3
Bile acids (µmol/L)2-539.0 ± 29.4d23.7 ± 11.6a6.8 ± 6.92.3 ± 1.2
AST (U/L)< 35116 ± 106d88.2 ± 80a26 ± 2728 ± 6
ALT (U/L)< 35211 ± 202d127 ± 106b18 ± 2615 ± 8
GGT (U/L)< 4023 ± 2248 ± 40a30 ± 5518 ± 18
AP (U/L)35-105178 ± 68182 ± 73150 ± 95283 ± 344
Bilirubin total (mg/dL)< 1.30.65 ± 0.27d0.52 ± 0.560.47 ± 0.260.65 ± 0.35
M30 (U/L)< 200432 ± 220a293 ± 75a339 ± 207296 ± 50
M65 (U/L)< 4001180 ± 571d777 ± 426d680 ± 343486 ± 89
Creatinine (mg/dL)< 1.30.69 ± 0.38a0.88 ± 0.39a0.57 ± 0.120.61 ± 0.12
Urea (mg/dL)< 5019.8 ± 6.8a25.5 ± 6.4b16.9 ± 4.519.4 ± 5.3
Uric acid (mg/dL)3.5-7.2 5.6 ± 2.4d6.3 ± 2.83.9 ± 0.94.7 ± 1.0
Total protein (g/L)66-8367.6 ± 4.2b65.2 ± 6.864.7 ± 4.466.3 ± 9.5
Albumin (g/L)38-5935.6 ± 2.736.3 ± 12.735.7 ± 2.7
Leukocytes (1/nL)3.7-10.08.8 ± 2.4d12.0 ± 3.4a10.8 ± 3.015.5 ± 4.8
Erythrocytes (1/pL)4.1-5.13.9 ± 0.43.6 ± 0.64.0 ± 0.43.7 ± 0.5
Hemoglobin (g/dL)12-1611.4 ± 1.110.3 ± 1.511.7 ± 1.310.8 ± 1.5
Hematocrit (%)36-4333 ± 330 ± 6
MCV (/pL)80-9686.1 ± 4.488.0 ± 3.5
Platelets (1/nL)150-360228 ± 72241 ± 61227 ± 68237 ± 61
Haptoglobin (g/L)0.3-2.00.8 ± 0.41.0 ± 0.8
Quick (%)70-120123.3 ± 5.1119.4 ± 21.1123.0 ± 13.0124.5 ± 4.4
INR< 1.10.91 ± 0.040.90 ± 0.030.90 ± 0.030.90 ± 0.03
Grade of steatosis in United States (0-3)00.42 ± 0.50a0.14 ± 0.380.18 ± 0.420.00 ± 0.00
Spleen size (cm)< 1111.4 ± 1.911.3 ± 1.111.1 ± 1.511.1 ± 1.7
Liver stiffness (kPa)< 67.3 ± 3.0c5.8 ± 1.7d6.2 ± 2.34.2 ± 0.9
CAP (dB/m)< 290 (S3)206 ± 49c213 ± 43228 ± 39224 ± 46
1Normal range for women.
aP < 0.05 vs controls in the corresponding group (3. trimester or postpartal).
bP < 0.01 vs controls in the corresponding group (3. trimester or postpartal).
cP < 0.001 vs controls in the corresponding group (3. trimester or postpartal).
dP < 0.0001 vs controls in the corresponding group (3. trimester or postpartal).
ICP: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; AP: Alkaline phosphatase; MCV: Mean corpuscular volume; INR: International normalized ratio; CAP: Controlled attenuation parameter; M65: Soluble cytokeratin 18; M30: Caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 fragment.
Table 2 Spearman Rho correlation with liver stiffness for women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, controls and all
ParameterSpearman rho correlation with liver stiffness
ICP, n = 100, r
Control, n = 450, r
All, n = 550, r
Bile acids total (μmol/L)0.368c0.0850.438d
M30 (U/L)0.881b0.313b0.385c
Quick (%)-0.276b0.210a-0.010
Leukocytes (1/nL)-0.223a0.012-0.203b
Bilirubin total (mg/dL)0.213a-0.0910.124
MAD (mmHg)-0.3790.137b0.154c
Gestational diabetes (1 or 0)0.3760.269d0.301d
Pruritus (1 or 0)0.353-0.0150.246d
Spleen size (cm)0.340-0.0320.014
Uric acid (mg/dL)0.3080.261a0.411d
AST (U/L)0.1460.1030.327d
Creatinine (mg/dL)0.2810.0570.163
Body weight (kg)0.2410.301d0.317d
Platelets (1/nL)-0.1190.000-0.074
AP (U/L)0.2370.329c0.378d
Urea (mg/dL)0.234-0.0640.041
Hemoglobin (g/dL)-0.112-0.022-0.104
CAP (dB/m)0.0970.083-0.006
M65 (U/L)0.3570.389c0.452d
ALT (U/L)0.0480.0470.273d
GGT (U/L)-0.0100.1140.150
aP < 0.05.
bP < 0.01.
cP < 0.001.
dP < 0.0001.
Note that parameters are sorted first by levels of significance in the intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy group (p) and then the absolute correlation coefficient in descending order. Most relevant parameters are on top. AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; AP: Alkaline phosphatase; ICP: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy; CAP: Controlled attenuation parameter, MAD: Mean arterial diastolic pressure; M65: Soluble cytokeratin 18; M30: Caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 fragment.