Respiratory muscle training with electronic devices in the postoperative period of hepatectomy: A randomized study

doi:10.4254/wjh.v15.i5.688

Advanced Search

BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge

Home / Archive / Volume 15, Issue 5

This Article

Academic Content and Language Evaluation of This Article

CrossCheck and Google Search of This Article

Academic Rules and Norms of This Article

Citation of this article

Corresponding Author of This Article

Research Domain of This Article

Article-Type of This Article

Open-Access Policy of This Article

Times Cited Counts in Google of This Article

Number of Hits and Downloads for This Article

Total Article Views (3155)

All Articles published online

The chart showing PDF series, WORD series, HTML series, Figures (1-1) series, Tables (1-4) series.

Item

Count

PDF

WORD

HTML

1689

Figures (1-1)

334

Tables (1-4)

325

Sum=2482

Publishing Process of This Article

The chart showing Browse series, Download series.

Item

Count

Browse

167

Download

410

Sum=577

May 27, 2023 (publication date) through Nov 26, 2024

Times Cited of This Article

Times Cited (0)

Journal Information of This Article

Publication Name

World Journal of Hepatology

ISSN

1948-5182

Publisher of This Article

Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Clinical Trials Study

World J Hepatol. May 27, 2023; 15(5): 688-698
Published online May 27, 2023. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i5.688

Table 1 Demographic and clinical data of the studied groups, n (%)

	Group
Variables	GTMI (n = 21)	CG (n = 20)	Total/average (n = 41)	P value
Feminine gender	7 (33.3)	7 (35.0)	14 (34.1)	0.9104²
Male gender	14 (66.7)	13 (65.0)	27 (65.9)	0.9104²
Mean age (yr) (SD)	56.7 ± 13.1	49.3 ± 16.1	53.1 ± 14.9	0.1401¹
Mean BMI (SD)	28.3 ± 4.0	26.2 ± 6.2	27.3 ± 5.2	0.1404¹

¹Based on the Mann-Whitney test.

²Based on the χ² test.

GTMI: Inspiratory muscle training group; CG: Control group; BMI: Body mass index; SD: Standard deviation.

Table 2 Diagnosis and background of the studied groups, n (%)

	Group
Variables	GTMI (n = 21)	CG (n = 20)	Total (n = 41)	P value
Diagnostics
Liver metastasis	9 (42.9)	8 (40.0)	17 (41.5)
Hepatocellular carcinoma	8 (38.1)	3 (15.0)	11 (26.8)
Hepatic nodule	3 (14.3)	4 (20.0)	7 (17.1)
Cholangiocarcinoma	1 (4.8)	4 (20.0)	5 (12.2)
Hemangioma	0 (0.0)	1 (5.0)	1 (2.4)	-
Background
Hepatic cirrhosis
No	15 (71.4)	18 (90.0)	33 (80.5)
Yes	6 (28.6)	2 (10.0)	8 (19.5)	0.2379²
Hepatitis C
No	17 (81.0)	18 (90.0)	35 (85.4)
Yes	4 (19.0)	2 (10.0)	6 (14.6)	0.6628²
Previous neoplasm
No	10 (47.6)	8 (40.0)	18 (43.9)
Yes	11 (52.4)	12 (60.0)	23 (56.1)	0.6232¹
Chemotherapy
No	12 (57.1)	13 (65.0)	25 (61.0)
Yes	9 (42.9)	7 (35.0)	16 (39.0)	0.6062¹
Smoker/former smoker
No	15 (71.4)	18 (90.0)	33 (80.5)
Yes	6 (28.6)	2 (10.0)	8 (19.5)	0.2379²

¹Based on the chi-square test.

²Based on Fisher's exact test.

GTMI: Inspiratory muscle training group; CG: Control group.

Table 3 Complications and length of hospital stay in the postoperative period, n (%)

	Group
Variables	GTMI (n = 21)	CG (n = 20)	Total (n = 41)	P value
Postoperative complications
No	15 (71.4)	13 (65.0)	28 (68.3)
Yes	6 (28.6)	7 (35.0)	13 (31.7)	0.6584²
Intraoperative bleeding (n)	2 (9.5)	0 (0.0)	2 (4.9)
TEP	0 (0.0)	1 (5.0)	1 (2.4)
Paralytic ileus	2 (9.5)	1 (5.0)	3 (7.3)
Anemia	1 (4.8)	1 (5.0)	2 (4.9)
PNM	0 (0.0)	1 (5.0)	1 (2.4)
SPO_{2 drop} < 92	0 (0.0)	2 (10.0)	2 (4.9)
ARI	1 (4.8)	0 (0.0)	1 (2.4)
Biliary fistula	0 (0.0)	1 (5.0)	1 (2.4)	-
Postoperative hospital stay (in days)
Mean (SD)	5.4 ± 2.0	7.1 ± 3.9	6.2 ± 3.2	0.0596¹

¹Based on the Mann-Whitney test.

²Based on the Chi-square test.

GTMI: Inspiratory muscle training group; CG: Control group; TEP: Pulmonary thromboembolism; PNM: Pneumonia; SpO₂: Peripheral oxygen saturation; ARI: Acute renal failure; SD: Standard deviation.

Table 4 Comparison of respiratory variables measured with the manovacuometer, ventilometer and with the Powerbreathe^®between the preoperative, the first and fifth postoperative days of the inspiratory muscle training group and control group

	GTMI (n = 21)			CG (n = 20)			P value²
Variables	Pre-op	PO first day¹	PO fifth day	Pre-op	PO first day	PO fifth day	P value²
Manovacuometer
PIM (cmH₂O)	110.9 ± 41	71.6 ± 42	115.6 ± 51	115.4 ± 73	77.9 ± 56	99.6 ± 68	0.0131
PEM (cmH₂O)	101.0 ± 28	58.1 ± 26	83.1 ± 30	103.5 ± 43	63.0 ± 37	84.8 ± 42	0.6186
Ventilometer
CV (liters/min)	2789 ± 938	1423 ± 589	1937 ± 585	2705 ± 836	1356 ± 392	1737 ± 541	0.6014
V_T (mL)	483.2 ± 273	425.2 ± 183	543.7 ± 221	473.1 ± 213	354.9 ± 161	474.2 ± 162	0.2866
VM (liters/min)	6905 ± 3449	7060 ± 2753	11012 ± 5381	7732 ± 3849	6573 ± 2746	9117 ± 3325	0.2091
Powerbreathe^®
Energy (joules)	1.24 ± 1.4	0.61 ± 1.2	0.57 ± 0.3	0.87 ± 0.2	0.30 ± 0.1	0.52 ± 0.2	0.3098
Flow (liters/min)	1.78 ± 1.0	0.86 ± 0.8	1.21 ± 0.5	1.52 ± 0.7	0.64 ± 0.3	0.93 ± 0.4	0.4224
Power (watts)	0.99 ± 1.2	0.53 ± 1.0	0.53 ± 0.2	0.67 ± 0.3	0.32 ± 0.2	0.42 ± 0.2	0.3533
Pressure (cmH₂O)	4.86 ± 2.0	4.53 ± 1.7	4.31 ± 0.2	4.32 ± 0.2	4.11 ± 0.1	4.31 ± 0.5	0.1405
Volume (liters)	1.82 ± 0.8	0.84 ± 0.5	1.15 ± 0.4	1.75 ± 0.5	0.61 ± 0.2	0.85 ± 0.2	0.0583

¹In Po1 all respiratory measurements were statistically lower (P ≤ 0.0001).

²The statistical test used was ANOVA for repeated measures with transformation by rank of the effect of the interaction between groups and times.

GTMI: Inspiratory muscle training group; PO: Post-operative; CG: Control group; Pre-op: Pre-operative; PIM: Maximum inspiratory pressure; PEM: Maximum inspiratory pressure; VC: Vital capacity; V_T: Tidal volume; VM: Minute volume.

Citation: Pereira MG, Silva AMO, Galhardo FDM, Almeida BDM, Lopes RL, Boin IFSF. Respiratory muscle training with electronic devices in the postoperative period of hepatectomy: A randomized study. World J Hepatol 2023; 15(5): 688-698
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v15/i5/688.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v15.i5.688