Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Hepatol. Aug 27, 2022; 14(8): 1598-1607
Published online Aug 27, 2022. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i8.1598
Table 1 Demographics and summary statistics of overall study population
Study population
High risk patients
P value1
N = 3669
N = 75
Age (yr) — mean (95%CI)47.3 (45.7-48.9)57.6 (54.6-60.6)0.005
Male — % (95%CI)49.6 (46.8-52.5)71.6 (51.9-85.5)0.005
BMI (kg/m2) — mean (95%CI)29.6 (28.9-30.3)33.1 (30.5-35.7)0.003
Race/Ethnicity — % (95%CI)
Non-Hispanic White63.6 (58.3-68.6)45.4 (29.6-62.2)< 0.001
Non-Hispanic Black10.8 (7.9-14.6)10.7 (4.1-25.4)
Hispanic16.6 (12.8-21.1)29.2 (17.3-44.9)
Non-Hispanic Asian4.4 (3.1-6.4)4.2 (1.6-10.7)
Other4.7 (3.5-6.2)10.4 (2.4-35.8)
Comorbidities — % (95%CI)
T2DM14.1 (12.4-15.9)55.7 (39.2-71.0)0.001
Hypertension45.2 (42.0-48.5)86.5 (75.4-93.1)0.001
Lab values — mean (95%CI)
Total bilirubin (mg/dL) 0.47 (0.46-0.49)0.60 (0.50-0.70)0.89
AST (IU/L) 21.34 (20.87-21.82)52.63 (44.03-61.24)< 0.001
ALT (IU/L) 22.55 (21.77-23.32)54.88 (46.57-63.18)< 0.001
GGT (IU/L) 28.05 (26.78-29.32)92.98 (46.70-139.26)0.02
Albumin (g/dL) 4.11 (4.07-4.14)4.10 (4.02-4.18)0.50
Alkaline (IU/L) 76.04 (74.33-77.76)89.72 (66.07-113.36)0.46
LSM (kPa)5.65 (5.43-5.86)11.83 (7.99-15.67)0.002
CAP (dB/m)261.59 (257.55-265.62)324.59 (310.78-338.40)< 0.001
1P value compares at-risk group (N = 75) vs low-risk group (N = 161). AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; BMI: Body mass index; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; CAP: Controlled attenuated parameter; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; LSM: Liver stiffness measure.
Table 2 Demographics and summary statistics of the cohort with type 2 diabetes mellitus
T2DM population
High risk patients
P value1
N = 737
N = 42
Age (yr) — mean (95%CI)60.3 (58.3-62.5)62.7 (57.4-68.0)0.48
Male — % (95%CI)55.6 (47.2-63.8)77.1 (55.6-90.0)0.67
BMI (kg/m2) — mean (95%CI)33.5 (32.2-34.8)34.5 (30.9-38.1)0.13
Race/Ethnicity — % (95%CI)
Non-Hispanic White60.5 (53.6-66.9)45.7 (25.5-67.4)0.07
Non-Hispanic Black13.2 (8.8-19.3)5.7 (1.8-16.9)
Hispanic15.2 (11.5-19.7)26.5 (14.7-42.9)
Non-Hispanic Asian4.9 (3.2-7.4)3.7 (1.1-12.2)
Other6.2 (4.1-9.4)18.4 (4.3-53.4)
Comorbidities — % (95%CI)
T2DMNANANA
Hypertension80.5 (76.6-83.9)95.7 (80.1-99.2)0.64
Lab values — mean (95%CI)
Total bilirubin (mg/dL) 0.48 (0.43-0.53)0.56 (0.42-0.70)0.18
AST (IU/L) 21.74 (20.58-22.89)47.49 (38.36-56.61)< 0.001
ALT (IU/L) 24.69 (22.83-26.56)53.58 (43.19-63.98)0.004
GGT (IU/L) 34.66 (32.51-36.81)69.21 (47.44-90.98)0.005
Albumin (g/dL) 3.99 (3.94-4.05)4.11 (4.01-4.20)0.46
Alkaline (IU/L) 83.36 (79.97-86.75)82.85 (71.44-94.26)0.46
LSM (kPa)7.32 (6.47-8.18)14.45 (8.62-20.27)0.005
CAP (dB/m)308.21 (302.05-314.37)333.66 (320.14-347.17)0.02
1P value comparing at-risk group (N = 42) vs low-risk group (N = 43). AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; BMI: Body mass index; CAP: Controlled attenuated parameter; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; LSM: Liver stiffness measure; NA: Not available; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.