Testosterone therapy reduces hepatic steatosis in men with type 2 diabetes and low serum testosterone concentrations

doi:10.4254/wjh.v14.i4.754

Advanced Search

BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge

Home / Archive / Volume 14, Issue 4

This Article

Academic Content and Language Evaluation of This Article

CrossCheck and Google Search of This Article

Academic Rules and Norms of This Article

Supplementary Materials of This Article

Citation of this article

Corresponding Author of This Article

Research Domain of This Article

Article-Type of This Article

Open-Access Policy of This Article

Times Cited Counts in Google of This Article

Number of Hits and Downloads for This Article

Total Article Views (4071)

All Articles published online

The chart showing PDF series, WORD series, HTML series, Figures (1-1) series, Tables (1-4) series.

Item

Count

PDF

188

WORD

HTML

2103

Figures (1-1)

279

Tables (1-4)

271

Sum=2934

Publishing Process of This Article

The chart showing Browse series, Download series.

Item

Count

Browse

387

Download

750

Sum=1137

Apr 27, 2022 (publication date) through Aug 25, 2024

Times Cited of This Article

Times Cited (11)

Journal Information of This Article

Publication Name

World Journal of Hepatology

ISSN

1948-5182

Publisher of This Article

Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

World J Hepatol. Apr 27, 2022; 14(4): 754-765
Published online Apr 27, 2022. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i4.754

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants

Characteristic	Testosterone group (n = 20)	Placebo group (n = 19)	P value
Age (yr)	62 (58-67)	60.4 (6.5)	0.5
Duration of type 2 diabetes (yr)	8 (6-14)	7 (5-9)	0.2
Insulin therapy, n (%)	3 (15)	2 (10.5)	> 0.9
Weight, kg	92 (86-101)	98 (92-105)	0.15
BMI, kg/m²	30.3 (27.3-31.9)	32.0 (29.7-35.4)	0.14
Waist circumference, cm	106 (102-116)	112 (106-119)	0.4
Fat mass, g	30788 (24875-38117)	31758 (29332-35286)	0.8
Lean mass, g	57090 (51658-62688)	62140 (66226-65844)	0.029
ALT, IU/L	34 (26-38)	32 (25-52)	0.8
ALP, IU/L	72 (60-82)	58 (54-69)	0.057
GGT, IU/L	30 (21-38)	32 (25-45)	0.5
TT, nmol/L (ECLIA)	9.8 (7.2-12.0)	7.8 (6.0-10.8)	0.2
cFT, pmol/L (ECLIA)	216 (151-272)	176 (146-224)	0.3
SHBG, nmol/L	28 (20-34)	28 (23-32)	0.8
LH, IU/L	4.5 (3.4-7.0)	4.3 (3.4-6.0)	0.7
Fasting glucose, mmol/L	8.9 (6.8-10.3)	8.5 (7.7-9.8)	0.6
HbA1c, %	6.6 (6.4-7.2)	7.0 (6.7-7.3)	0.071
Cholesterol, mmol/L	4.4 (4.0-5.0)	4.6 (4.0-4.9)	> 0.9
LDL, mmol/L	2.4 (2.0-3.0)	2.7 (2.0-3.0)	0.7
HDL, mmol/L	1.2 (1.0-1.4)	1.0 (0.7-1.2)	0.03

Data are median (IQR). ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; TT: Total testosterone; cFT: Calculated free testosterone; SHBG: Sex hormone-binding globulin; LH: Luteinising hormone; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; HDL: High density lipoprotein.

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of our participants who had magnetic resonance imaging scans compared to index study participants who did not have magnetic resonance imaging scans

Characteristic	Non-MRI scan group (n = 49)	MRI scan group (n = 39)	P value
Age, yr	62 (58-68)	62 (58-67)	0.6
Duration of type 2 diabetes, yr	9 (4-12)	8 (5-11)	> 0.9
Insulin therapy, n (%)	13 (26.5)	5 (12.8)	0.19
Weight, kg	102 (89-111)	95 (90-104)	0.12
BMI, kg/m²	33.4 (31.2-35.9)	31.5 (28.2-35.3)	0.012
Waist circumference, cm	116 (109-123)	111 (104-118)	0.024
Fat mass, g	32696 (29299-39109)	31832 (26820-37809)	0.2
Lean mass, g	62004 (58056-66170)	60,049 (54278-64848)	0.12
ALT, IU/L	34 (25-50)	32 (25-42)	0.7
ALP, IU/L	71 (56-82)	66 (54-75)	0.2
GGT, IU/L	30 (24-43)	32 (24-43)	0.8
TT, nmol/L (ECLIA)	8.5 (7.3-10.5)	8.1 (6.7-11.4)	0.8
cFT, pmol/L (ECLIA)	176 (151-230)	194 (148-253)	0.6
SHBG, nmol/L	28 (24-32)	29 (22-34)	> 0.9
LH, IU/L	4.5 (3.5-6.2)	4.5 (3.4-6.4)	0.9
Fasting glucose, mmol/L	8.2 (7.0-10.6)	8.6 (7.3-9.9)	> 0.9
HbA1c, %	7.1 (6.6-7.7)	6.9 (6.5-7.3)	0.4
Cholesterol, mmol/L	4.1 (3.5-4.7)	4.6 (4.0-4.9)	0.005
LDL, mmol/L	2.0 (1.6-2.4)	2.7 (2.0-3.1)	< 0.001
HDL, mmol/L	1.0 (0.9-1.2)	1.1 (0.9-1.2)	0.5
SAT, cm³	4095 (3526-5593)	4661 (3137-5385)	0.7
VAT, cm³	4786 (3,642-5,617)	3634 (2780-4823)	0.044

Data are median (IQR). MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; TT: Total testosterone; cFT: Calculated free testosterone; SHBG: Sex hormone-binding globulin; LH: Luteinising hormone; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; HDL: High density lipoprotein; SAT: Subcutaneous adipose tissue; VAT: Visceral adipose tissue.

Table 3 Changes in body composition and metabolic parameters

	Testosterone group (n = 20)	Placebo group (n = 19)	P value
Weight, kg
Baseline	92 (86-101)	98 (91-105)	0.55
40 wk	90 (86-100)	96 (94-100)
BMI, kg/m²
Baseline	30.3 (27.3-31.9)	32.0 (29.7-35.4)	0.64
40 wk	29.3 (27.4-31.8)	31.8 (30.0-34.4)
Waist circumference, cm
Baseline	106 (102-116)	112 (106-118)	0.15
40 wk	108 (101-115)	114 (110-118)
Fasting glucose, mmol/L
Baseline	8.9 (6.8-10.3)	8.6 (7.7-9.8)	0.93
40 wk	8.3 (6.5-10.5)	9.1 (7.7-9.9)
HbA1c, %
Baseline	6.6 (6.4-7.2)	7.0 (6.8-7.4)	0.95
40 wk	7.0 (6.3-7.4)	7.3 (7.0-7.7)
Fat mass, g
Baseline	30788 (24875-38117)	31758 (29332-35286)	< 0.001^a
40 wk	27272 (21948-34558)	32089 (29869-34492)
Lean mass, g
Baseline	57090 (51658-62688)	62140 (66226-65844)	< 0.001^a
40 wk	58236 (55150-63077)	61070 (57408-64833)
SAT, cm³
Baseline	4445 (2928-5669)	4302 (3828-5254)	0.004^a
40 wk	4140 (2769-5046)	4330 (3741-5179)
VAT, cm³
Baseline	3574 (2460-4711)	3864 (3267-4703)	0.63
40 wk	3248 (2280-4634)	3966 (3462-4699)
ALT, U/L
Baseline	34 (26-38)	32 (25-52)	0.27
40 wk	32 (25-36)	44 (29-61)
GGT, U/L
Baseline	30 (21-38)	32 (25-45)	0.28
40 wk	28 (20-41)	33 (28-56)
ALP, U/L
Baseline	72 (60-82)	58 (54-69)	0.04^a
40 wk	70 (60-78)	60 (58-72)
Total cholesterol, mmol/L
Baseline	4.4 (4.0-5.0)	4.6 (4.0-4.9)	0.008^a
40 wk	3.7 (3.5-4.5)	4.5 (4.1-5.1)
LDL, mmol/L
Baseline	2.4 (2.0-3.0)	2.7 (2.0-3.0)	0.21
40 wk	2.1 (1.8-2.7)	2.4 (1.9-3.2)
HDL, mmol/L
Baseline	(1.01-1.40)	1.02 (0.74-1.18)	0.02^a
40 wk	1.19 (0.93-1.36)	0.98 (0.82-1.09)
Triglycerides, mmol/L
Baseline	1.6 (1.3-2.0)	2.0 (1.4-2.4)	0.25
40 wk	1.4 (1.0-1.9)	1.9 (1.6-3.0)

^aP values are an exploratory univariate analysis of between-group week 40 values after adjusting for baseline. No adjustment for multiple comparisons were made given the exploratory nature. Data are median (IQR). BMI: Body mass index; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; TT: Total testosterone; cFT: Calculated free testosterone; SHBG: Sex hormone-binding globulin; LH: Luteinising hormone; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; HDL: High density lipoprotein; SAT: Subcutaneous adipose tissue; VAT: Visceral adipose tissue.

Table 4 Univariate analysis table of factors affecting change in hepatic steatosis

Characteristic	n	Beta	95%CI	P value
Testosterone	38¹	-0.66	-1.0, -0.37	< 0.001
Age (yr)	38	-0.03	-0.05, 0.00	0.075
BMI (kg/m²)	38	0.06	0.02, 0.10	0.003
Baseline liver fat proportion	38	4.6	3.3, 6.0	< 0.001
Baseline total testosterone (nmol/L)	38	-0.03	-0.09, 0.03	0.3
Baseline free testosterone (nmol/L)	38	0.00	0.00, 0.00	0.5
Baseline visceral fat (g)	38	0.00	0.00, 0.00	0.4
Follow up total testosterone (nmol/L)	37	-0.05	-0.09, -0.02	0.006
Follow up free testosterone (nmol/L)	37	0.00	0.00, 0.00	0.005
Follow up visceral fat (g)	38	0.00	0.00, 0.00	0.2

¹One participant did not have follow-up testosterone concentration. BMI: Body mass index.

Citation: Apostolov R, Gianatti E, Wong D, Kutaiba N, Gow P, Grossmann M, Sinclair M. Testosterone therapy reduces hepatic steatosis in men with type 2 diabetes and low serum testosterone concentrations. World J Hepatol 2022; 14(4): 754-765
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v14/i4/754.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v14.i4.754