Current state of endohepatology: Diagnosis and treatment of portal hypertension and its complications with endoscopic ultrasound

Table 1 Relative advantages and disadvantages of liver biopsy modalities

Modality	EUS-LB	PC-LB	TJ-LB
Advantages	Ability to obtain simultaneous bi-lobar biopsies	Familiarity	Circumvent challenging body habitus
	Circumvent challenging body habitus	Less technical expertise	Ability to perform other diagnostics simultaneously (i.e., HVPG measurement)
	Improved patient tolerance	Lower cost	Fewer contraindications (i.e., ascites and coagulopathy)
	Decreased recovery time
	Ability to perform other diagnostics simultaneously (i.e., PPG measurement)
Disadvantages	Higher cost	Poorer patient tolerance	Higher cost
	Need for technical expertise	May be limited by patient body habitus	Need for technical expertise
		More prone to sampling error	More prone to sampling error

PH: Portal hypertension; TJ-LB: Transjugular liver biopsy; EUS-LB: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver biopsy; PPG: Portal pressure gradient; HVPG: Hepatic venous pressure gradient; PC-LB: Percutaneous liver biopsy.

Table 2 Comparison of endoscopic ultrasound-guided treatment modalities for gastric varices; combination therapy vs monotherapy[31]

Treatment	CYA+ coil (combination therapy)	CYA alone	Coil alone	P value (combination vs CYA alone/combination vs coil alone)
Outcome rate (%)
Technical success	100	97	99	< 0.001/< 0.001
Clinical success	98	96	90	< 0.001/< 0.001
Adverse event	10	21	3	< 0.001/0.057
Adverse event	14	30	17	< 0.001/1.00
Re-intervention	15	26	25	< 0.001/0.047

CYA: Cyanoacrylate.