Changing delta hepatitis patient profile: A single center experience in Valencia region, Spain

Table 1 General characteristics (n = 70)

Demographic parameters		n (%)	Missing data, %
Sex, men		44 (62.9)	0
Country of birth by region			0
Spain		47 (67.1)
Eastern Europe		17 (24.3)
Other		6 (8.6)
Probable route of infection			0
Unknown		32 (45.7)
Iatrogenesis		14 (20.9)
Intravenous drug use		10 (14.9)
Household contact		6 (8.6)
Sexual intercourse		4 (5.7)
Blood transfusion		2 (2.9)
Other		2 (2.9)
Diabetes mellitus	Non-diabetic	64 (91.4)	0
Alcohol consumption		24 (34.3)	1.42
Weight			8.7
Underweight		2 (2.9)
Normal weight		26 (37.1)
Overweight		23 (32.9)
Obese		12 (17.2)
Serologic parameters
HBe antigen	HBeAg+	8 (11.4)	1.4
HIV	Anti-HIV-IgG +	7 (10)	5.7
HCV	Anti-HCV-IgG +	8 (11.4)	0
Events
Progression to cirrhosis		54 (77.1)	1.4
Liver decompensation		39 (72.2)	7.4
Most frequent type of liver decompensation
Ascites		27 (71.1)
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding		10 (26.3)
Liver encephalopathy		1 (2.6)
Hepatorenal syndrome		0 (0)
Liver cancer		9 (12.9)	0
Liver transplant		32 (45.7)	0
Death		4 (5.7)	0

HBe: Hepatitis B e; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus.

Table 2 Variables associated with the cumulative risk of different end-points since infection¹

	Cirrhosis	Liver cancer	Liver decompensation2	Transplantation	Survival
Age	+ (0.056)2	++ (0.007)	NS	++ (0.034)	NS
Sex	NS	NS	+ (0.101)	++ (0.040)	NS
Country of birth	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Diabetes	++ (0.027)	NS	+ (0.085)	++ (0.013)	++ (0.004)
Overweight	NS	NS	NS	+ (0.104)	NS
Alcohol consumption	NS	+ (0.100)	NS	++ (0.019)	NS
HIV coinfection	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
HCV coinfection	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Log [ALT]	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Treatment with IFN	NS	NS	NS	++ 0.034	NS
Antiviral treatment	+ (0.092)	NS	NS	NS	NS

¹>Except for clinical decompensation where baseline was “time of cirrhosis diagnosis”。

²For this purpose, we only took into consideration cirrhotic patients; ³Underlined values are those with a P-value < 0.1, because a tendency towards significance was observed. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; IFN: Interferon; NS: No statistical significance.

Table 3 Differences according to year of diagnosis of infection, n (%)

Demographic parameters		Total	Diagnosis before 2000	Diagnosis after 2000	P value
Country of birth by region					< 0.00
Spain		47 (67.1)	37 (92.5)	10 (33.3)
Eastern Europe		17 (24.3)	3(7.5)	14 (46.7)
Other		6 (8.6)	0 (0)	6 (20)
Diabetes mellitus	Diabetic	6 (8.6)	1 (2.3)	5 (16.7)	0.038
Alcohol consumption	Alcohol consumption	24 (34.3)	12 (30)	12 (41.4)	0.327
Weight					0.038
Underweight		2 (2.9)	1 (2.7)	1 (3.8)
Normal weight		26 (37.1)	12 (32.4)	14 (53.8)
Overweight		23 (32.9)	14 (37.8)	9 (34.6)
Obese		12 (17.1)	10 (27)	2 (7.7)
Serologic parameters
HBe antigen	HBeAg +	8 (11.4)	8 (11.4)	0 (0)	0.008
HIV	Anti-HIV-IgG +	7 (10)	7 (10)	0 (0)	0.024
HCV	Anti-HCV-IgG+	8 (11.4)	8 (11.4)	0 (0)	0.009
Events
Progression to cirrhosis		54 (77.1)	33 (82.5)	21 (72.4)	0.316
Liver decompensation		39 (72.2)	24 (77.4)	15 (75)	0.842
Liver transplant		32 (45.7)	22 (55)	10 (33.3)	0.74
Death		4 (5.7)	2 (5)	2 (6.7)	0.766

HBe: Hepatitis B e; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus.

Table 4 Descriptive characteristics of the paired samples of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis B virus-hepatitis D virus patients (n = 62), n (%)

		HBV patient sample	HDV patient sample	P value
Demographic parameters	Age in yr	55.05	48.90	< 0.024
	Sex, men	40 (64.5)	40 (64.5)	-
Serological parameters	HIV	0 (0)	7 (11.9)	< 0.005
	HCV	4 (6.5)	8 (12.9)	NS
Evolution parameters	Liver cirrhosis	14 (23.3)	43 (74.1)	< 0.000
	Liver decompensation	5 (8.2)	33 (57.9)
	Liver cancer	4 (6.6)	5 (8.5)	NS

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HDV: Hepatitis delta virus; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; NS: No statistical significance.