Systemic review and network meta-analysis: Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Table 1 Characteristics of the studies included in the network meta-analysis

Therapy/control	Ref.	Yr	Dosage of therapy	Control	Mean follow-up	History of SBP/%	ITT/PP	SBP diagnosis criteria	n (total)	Therapy			Control
										n	Developed SBP	Deaths/transplant	n	Developed SBP	Death/transplant
Ciprofloxacin vs placebo	Terg et al[45]	2008	Ciprofloxacin 500 mg daily	Placebo	7.6-7.8 mo	Excluded	ITT	Ascites PMN > 250/mm3	100	50	2/50	6/50	50	7/50	15/50
Norfloxacin vs placebo	Ginés et al[46]	1990	Norfloxacin 400 mg daily	Placebo	6.4 mo	Included/20.0%	ITT	Abdominal pain, fever, ascites PMN > 350/mm3	80	40	5/40	7/40	40	14/40	11/40
Norfloxacin vs no treatment	Novella et al[47]	1997	Norfloxacin 400 mg daily	No treatment	43 wk	Excluded	ITT	Ascites PMN > 250/mm3, positive ascitic fluid culture	109	56	1/56	13/56	53	9/53	16/53
Norfloxacin vs placebo	Grangé et al[48]	1998	Norfloxacin 400 mg daily	Placebo	6 mo	Excluded	ITT	Ascites PMN > 250/mm3, positive ascitic fluid culture	107	53	0/53	8/53	54	5/54	11/54
Norfloxacin vs placebo	Fernández et al[49]	2007	Norfloxacin 400 mg daily	Placebo	12 mo	Excluded	ITT	Ascites PMN > 250/mm3	68	35	2/35	16/35	33	10/33	19/33
Norfloxacin vs placebo	Moreau et al[50]	2018	Norfloxacin 400 mg daily	Placebo	6 mo	Included/88.3%	ITT	Ascites PMN > 250/mm3	291	144	10/144	36/144	147	17/147	42/147
Norfloxacin vs ciprofloxacin	Yim et al[51]	2018	Norfloxacin 400 mg daily	Ciprofloxacin 750 mg weekly	12 mo	Included/88.7%	ITT/PP	Ascites PMN > 250/mm3	124	62	4/55	15/62	62	3/57	16/62
Rifaximin vs norfloxacin	Mostafa et al[34]	2015	Rifaximin 800 mg daily	Norfloxacin 400 mg daily	6 mo	Included/100%	ITT	Ascites PMN > 250/mm3	70	40	0/40	0/40	30	5/30	0/30
Rifaximin vs norfloxacin	Elfert et al[35]	2016	Rifaximin 1200 mg daily	Norfloxacin 400 mg daily	6 mo	Included/ 100%	ITT/PP	Ascites PMN > 250/mm3	262	131	4/103	18/131	131	13/92	32/131
Rifaximin vs norfloxacin	Assem et al[33]	2016	Rifaximin 1100 mg daily	Norfloxacin 400 mg daily	6 mo	Excluded	ITT/PP	Ascites PMN > 250/mm3	334	82	8/64	8/82	78	13/57	11/78
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole vs no treatment	Singh et al[52]	1995	TMP-SMX 160/800 mg 5 d per week	No treatment	90 d	Included/73.3%	ITT	Ascites PMN > 250/mm3	60	30	1/30	2/30	30	8/30	6/30
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole vs norfloxacin	Alvarez et al[53]	2005	TMP-SMX 160/800 mg 5 d per week	Norfloxacin 400 mg daily	163-182 d	Included/38.6%	NA	Ascites PMN > 250/mm3	57	25	4/25	5/25	32	3/32	7/32
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole vs norfloxacin	Lontos et al[54]	2014	TMP-SMX 160/800 mg daily	Norfloxacin 400 mg daily	208-251 d	Included/26.2%	ITT	Ascites PMN > 250/mm3	80	40	2/40	22/40	40	2/40	18/40

ITT: Intention to treat; NA: Not available; PMN: Polymorphonuclear cells; PP: Per protocol; SBP: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

Table 2 JADAD and Cochrane meta-analysis bias scores

Study	1 Was the study describ-ed as randomiz-ed?	2 Was the randomi-zation scheme describ-ed and appropriate?	3 Was the study describ-ed as double-blind?	4 Was the method of double blinding appropri-ate?	5 Was there a descrip-tion of dropouts and withdra-wals?	Total JADAD Score	Sequen-ce genera-tion (for arm randomi-zation)	Alloca-tion conceal-ed	Blinding of outcom-es	Incomple-te outcome data address-ed	ITT	Sample size calcula-tion
Ginés et al[46]	O	NA	O	O	O	4	X	X	O	O	O	O
Singh et al[52]	O	NA	X	NA	X	1	?	?	X	?	O	X
Novella et al[47]	O	NA	X	NA	O	2	?	?	X	?	O	X
Grangé et al[48]	O	NA	O	NA	O	3	?	?	?	O	O	O
Alvarez et al[53]	O	NA	X	NA	X	1	O	O	X	?	?	X
Fernández et al[49]	O	O	O	NA	O	4	O	O	O	O	O	O
Terg et al[45]	O	O	O	NA	O	4	O	O	O	O	O	O
Lontos et al[54]	O	O	X	NA	O	3	O	X	X	O	O	O
Mostafa et al[34]	O	NA	X	NA	X	1	O	X	X	?	O	O
Elfert et al[35]	O	O	X	NA	O	3	O	X	X	?	O	O
Assem et al[33]	O	O	X	NA	O	3	O	X	X	?	O	O
Yim et al[51]	O	O	X	NA	O	3	O	X	X	?	O	O
Moreau et al[50]	O	O	O	O	O	5	O	O	O	O	O	O

ITT: Intention to treat; NA: Not applicable.