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©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Hepatol. Oct 27, 2020; 12(10): 850-862
Published online Oct 27, 2020. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i10.850
Published online Oct 27, 2020. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i10.850
Table 1 Baseline laboratory and endoscopic findings of the enrolled patients
Variable | Liver cirrhosis with EVs | Liver cirrhosis without EVs | Control group | P value1 |
n | 90 | 90 | 60 | - |
Sex (M/F) | 62/28 | 60/30 | 40/20 | 0.4 |
Age (yr) | 49.6 ± 8.4 | 47.7 ± 9.7 | 46 ± 6.7 | 0.32 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.3 ± 2.1 | 25.8 ± 1.3 | 26.6 ± 0.9 | 0.21 |
ABI | 0.94 ± 0.09 | 1.08 ± 0.13 | 1.16 ± 0.11 | 0.001 |
AST (IU/L) | 53.7 ± 10.2 | 43.7 ± 5.6 | 31.1 ± 10.8 | 0.001 |
ALT (IU/L) | 47.2 ± 7.8 | 36.2 ± 8.5 | 30.6 ± 7.7 | 0.001 |
Platelet count × 103 | 79.2 ± 21.2 | 189.3 ± 43.2 | 197.7 ± 18.7 | 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 177.6 ± 18.8 | 199.2 ± 27.4 | 210.4 ± 12.6 | 0.01 |
HDL (mg/dL) | 39.5 ± 4.3 | 44.6 ± 7.1 | 35.4 ± 5.3 | 0.004 |
TGs (mg/dL) | 135.7 ± 14.4 | 168.8 ± 12.8 | 180.8 ± 8.4 | 0.01 |
VLDL (mg/dL) | 16.6 ± 4.3 | 26.5 ± 5.3 | 25 ± 5.7 | 0.001 |
LDL (mg/dL) | 105.8 ± 14.5 | 128.9 ± 20.6 | 138.9 ± 16.5 | 0.03 |
FIB-4 | 4.97 ± 1.8 | 1.54 ± 0.47 | 1.51 ± 0.3 | 0.001 |
Platelets/SD ratio | 449 ± 167 | 1375 ± 380 | 1702 ± 238 | 0.001 |
LDL/platelet count ratio | 1.41 ± 0.4 | 0.71 ± 0.21 | 0.75 ± 0.09 | 0.001 |
Child-Pugh class (n) | A (26), B (46), C (18) | A (88), B (2) | Non-cirrhotic | - |
Endoscopy | - | - | - | - |
EVs | - | - | - | - |
Grade I-II, n (%) | 32 (35.5) | - | - | - |
Grade III, n (%) | 42 (46.7) | - | - | - |
Grade IV, n (%) | 16 (17.8) | - | - | - |
2Fundal varix, n (%) | 12 (13.3) | - | - | - |
Table 2 Ultrasonographic and liver stiffness values of the enrolled patients
Variable | Liver cirrhosis with EVs | Liver cirrhosis without EVs | Control group | P value |
Splenic diameter | 182.9 ± 21.4 | 141 ± 12.8 | 111.2 ± 9.7 | 0.003 |
Platelets/SD ratio | 449 ± 166 | 1374.9 ± 380 | 1701 ± 239 | 0.001 |
FibroScan (kPa) | 24.4 ± 6.02 | 14.8 ± 1.9 | 5.2 ± 0.82 | 0.001 |
CIMT (mm) | 1.2 ± 0.13 | 0.69 ± 0.14 | 0.62 ± 0.11 | 0.001 |
Table 3 Discriminating ability of the novel markers in the studied groups
Variable | VLDL | CIMT | LDL/platelet ratio | ABI | ||||||||
Cutoff value | Below 16.5 | Above 16.5 | P value | Below 1.1 | Above 1.1 | P value | Below 1 | Above 1 | P value | Below 0.94 | Above 0.94 | P value |
n | 76 | 164 | - | 96 | 144 | - | 98 | 142 | - | 70 | 170 | - |
Sex (M/F) | 56/20 | 106/58 | 0.2 | 64/32 | 98/46 | 0.86 | 66/32 | 96/46 | 0.83 | 47/23 | 115/55 | 0.45 |
Age (yr) | 50.3 ± 10 | 48.5 ± 8.3 | 0.3 | 49.6 ± 8.6 | 48.7 ± 9 | 0.56 | 49.8 ± 8.8 | 48 ± 9 | 0.78 | 51.5 ± 8.9 | 48.2 ± 7.4 | 0.2 |
AST (IU/L) | 46 ± 11.6 | 38.4 ± 12.1 | 0.01 | 47.5 ± 11.8 | 34.9 ± 8.4 | 0.01 | 52 ± 11 | 35 ± 9 | 0.001 | 49 ± 12 | 38 ± 11 | 0.03 |
ALT (IU/L) | 45 ± 8.4 | 37.5 ± 8.5 | 0.03 | 46 ± 8 | 35.4 ± 7 | 0.03 | 45 ± 7.8 | 34 ± 5.6 | 0.02 | 43 ± 8 | 32 ± 8 | 0.047 |
Platelet count × 103 | 83.6 ± 47 | 165.5 ± 62.2 | 0.001 | 82.5 ± 41.4 | 182 ± 40 | 0.001 | 81 ± 26 | 188 ± 41 | 0.001 | 87 ± 23 | 160 ± 61 | 0.001 |
Total cholesterol | 166 ± 21 | 198 ± 24 | 0.02 | 170 ± 18 | 200.5 ± 26 | 0.034 | 168 ± 26 | 197 ± 28 | 0.04 | 173 ± 27 | 196 ± 25 | 0.023 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 135.7 ± 15 | 164 ± 19 | 0.03 | 137 ± 15 | 168 ± 15 | 0.032 | 140 ± 19 | 168 ± 16 | 0.045 | 143 ± 18 | 162 ± 24 | 0.01 |
VLDL (mg/dL) | 14.6 ± 1.5 | 26.2 ± 5.6 | 0.001 | 17 ± 4.9 | 28 ± 7 | 0.001 | 15 ± 4 | 32 ± 6 | 0.001 | 17 ± 5 | 25 ± 12 | 0.03 |
LDL (mg/dL) | 106 ± 15 | 126 ± 21 | 0.001 | 102 ± 13 | 130 ± 20 | 0.023 | 110 ± 17 | 122 ± 20 | 0.06 | 109 ± 19 | 129 ± 22 | 0.021 |
HDL (mg/dL) | 40 ± 4 | 43 ± 8 | 0.89 | 39 ± 5 | 42 ± 8.2 | 0.45 | 40 ± 5 | 42 ± 8 | 0.82 | 39 ± 4 | 42 ± 8 | 0.34 |
FIB-4 | 5.03 ± 1.8 | 2.2 ± 1.6 | 0.001 | 5 ± 2 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 0.001 | 4.9 ± 1.9 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 0.001 | 4.2 ± 2 | 2.4 ± 1.9 | 0.01 |
LDL/platelet count ratio | 1.5 ± 0.48 | 0.84 ± 0.3 | 0.001 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 0.75 ± 0.21 | 0.001 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 0.7 ± 0.15 | 0.001 | 1.24 ± 0.21 | 0.91 ± 0.34 | 0.001S |
Splenic diameter (mm) | 186.3 ± 25.4 | 141.5 ± 24 | 0.001 | 185.4 ± 20 | 133 ± 17 | 0.001 | 181 ± 24 | 122 ± 11 | 0.001 | 171 ± 29 | 136 ± 13 | 0.001 |
Platelets/SD | 492.6 ± 76.2 | 1237.7 ± 502 | 0.001 | 463.3 ± 43 | 1400 ± 410 | 0.001 | 471 ± 213 | 1440 ± 402 | 0.001 | 678 ± 298 | 1173 ± 554 | 0.001 |
Table 4 Performance of the novel markers when compared to the traditional tools
Cutoff value | PLT/SD ratio above 872 | FIB-4 above 3.25 | ABI below 0.94 | LDL/PLT ratio above 1 | CIMT above 1.1 | VLDL below 16.5 | P value |
n | 90 | 90 | 70 | 98 | 96 | 76 | |
LS (kPa) | 24.4 ± 6.2 | 26. 5 ± 5.2 | 22 ± 8.2 | 23 ± 7 | 24.6 ± 6.7 | 25.3 ± 6.3 | F = 1.87, P = 0.117 |
ABI | 1.08 ± 0.09 | 1.09 ± 0.1 | 0.887 ± 0.04 | 0.93 ± 0.1 | 0.88 ± 0.1 | 0.96 ± 0.08 | F = 30, P = 0.001 |
Endoscopy | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
EVs, n (%) | 82/90 (91.1) | 56/90 (62.2) | 65/70 (92.9) | 92/98 (94) | 90/96 (93.8) | 68/76 (89.5) | P = 0.001 |
Grade I-II, n (%) | 26/32 (81.3) | 14/32 (35) | 20/32 (62.5) | 24/32 (75) | 24/32 (75) | 10/32 (31.3) | χ2 = 13.3, P = 0.009 |
Grade III, n (%) | 32/42 (76.2) | 30/42 (71.4) | 30/42 (71.4) | 42/42 (100) | 40/42 (95) | 34/42 (81) | χ2= 7.67, P = 0.104 |
Grade IV, n (%) | 14/16 (87.5) | 6/16 (37.5) | 9/16 (56.3) | 16/16 (100) | 16/16 (100) | 12/16 (75) | χ2= 9.55, P = 0.048 |
Fundal varix, n (%) | 10/12 (83.3) | 6/12 (50) | 6/12 (50) | 10/12 (83) | 10/12 (83) | 12/12 (100) | χ2= 3.47,P = 0.48 |
- Citation: Hanafy AS, Basha MAK, Wadea FM. Novel markers of endothelial dysfunction in hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis: More than a mere prediction of esophageal varices. World J Hepatol 2020; 12(10): 850-862
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v12/i10/850.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v12.i10.850