Case Control Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Hepatol. Oct 27, 2020; 12(10): 792-806
Published online Oct 27, 2020. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i10.792
Table 1 Clinical and demographic characteristics of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients and controls
Variables
NAFLD, n = 148
Controls, n = 137
P value
Female111 (75.0%) 97 (70.8%)0.426
Age (yr)57 (46.3-63)55 (43 61.5)0.610
BMI (kg/m2)32.8 ± 4.825.4 ± 3.3< 0.0001
Hypertension98 (66.2%)24 (17.5%)< 0.0001
Diabetes mellitus69 (46.6%)12 (8.8%)< 0.0001
Dyslipidemia108 (73.0%)19 (13.5%)< 0.0001
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)101 (90-124.8)88 (83-98)< 0.0001
AST (U/L)34 (25.5-56.5)24 (20.3-29)< 0.0001
ALT (U/L)38 (28-70.5)29.5 (23-38)< 0.0001
GGT (U/L)53 (29-116)28 (18.5-55.5)< 0.0001
ALP (U/L)97 (74-116.8)75 (58.3-83.8)< 0.0001
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)0.6 (0.5-0.9)0.7 (0.5-0.8)0.438
Triglycerides (mg/dL)162.5 (110-205.3)126.5 (93-176)0.006
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)195.8 ± 41.5179.9 ± 47.10.006
VLDL (mg/dL)32 (22-42.3)24.5 (17.3-33.8)0.001
HDL (mg/dL)48 (39.5-54)47 (40.5-60.8)0.404
LDL (mg/dL)107.5 (89.5-137.9)96 (67.8-117.5)0.009
Platelets (109/L)219.4 ± 81.8254.6 ± 82.40.439
Ferritin (ng/mL)89 (42.7-168.5)32 (32-32)0.349
D vitamin (ng/mL)22 (19-27.7)26.95 (20.5-32.5)0.139
Table 2 Clinical and demographic characteristics of the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and simple steatosis population
Variables
NASH, n = 54
Simple steatosis, n = 94
P value
Female44 (81.5%)67 (71.3%) 0.169
Age (yr)59 (45.8-63)57 (47.8-64)0.935
BMI (kg/m2)32.7 ± 4.832.8 ± 4.80.968
WC106.6 (100-114)105.3 (96-113.8)0.306
Arterial hypertension39 (72.2%)59 (62.8%)0.886
Diabetes mellitus35 (64.8%)34 (36.2%)0.007
Dyslipidemia45 (83.3%)63 (67.0%)0.248
Fasting insulin 16.5 (11.9-31)14 (8-18)0.055
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)112.5 (91-151.5)98 (90-112)0.019
AST (U/L) 53.5 (31.7-69)30 (23-38)< 0.001
ALT (U/L)61 (36-79.3)33 (24-49)< 0.001
GGT (U/L)87 (51.7-164.3)39 (27-73.3)< 0.001
ALP (U/L)99 (78-127.5)88 (72-116)0.075
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)0.59 (0.5-0.9)0.6 (0.5-0.9)0.986
Triglycerides (mg/dL)162 (113-227.8)163 (109.25-201)0.544
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)196.4 ± 39.9195.4 ± 42.70.793
VLDL (mg/dL)32 (22.8-45.3)32 (22-40.8)0.440
HDL (mg/dL)46 (37.8-53)48 (40-55)0.432
LDL (mg/dL)108.5 (89-138.4)107 (88.5-137.4)0.793
Platelets (109/L)184 ± 67.4308 ± 1.40.053
Ferritin (ng/mL)109 (56.75-267.5)69 (37.2-143.8)0.019
D vitamin (ng/mL)21.1 (17.55-25.9)23.4 (19-28)0.086
HOMA-IR5.26 (2.97-8.8)3.36 (1.77-4.7)0.330
Table 3 PNPLA3 rs738409 genotype frequencies in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients and controls
Genotype frequency % (n)
P value
CC
CG
GG
NAFLD37.2 (55)43.9 (65)18.9 (28)< 0.001
Controls58.4 (80)31.4 (43)10.2 (14)
Table 4 Association between the PNPLA3 rs738409 genotype and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, adjusted for age, gender, body mass index and diabetes
Genotypes
OR
95%CI
P value
NAFLD vs Control
CC vs CG/GG1.691.21–2.360.002
CC vs GG3.131.49–6.570.003
NASH vs SS
CC vs CG/GG3.501.84–6.64< 0.001
CC vs GG5.532.04-14.920.001
Table 5 Association of the PNPLA3 rs738409 genotype and activity of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis, adjusted for age, gender, body mass index and diabetes, evaluated by multivariate binary logistic regression analysis
Genotypes
OR
95%CI
P value
Activity of NASH (A > 2 vs A < 2)
CC vs CG/GG0.650.22-1.880.433
CC vs GG17.111.87 - 156.250.012
Fibrosis (presence vs absence)
CC vs CG/GG3.051.01-9.170.046
CC vs GG7.421.55-35.470.012
Table 6 TM6SF2 rs58542926 genotype frequencies in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients and controls
Genotype frequency % (n)
P value
CC
CT
TT
NAFLD83.2 (125)14.9 (22)0.7 (1)0.78
Controls84.5 (114)16.1 (22)0.7 (1)