Protective action of glutamine in rats with severe acute liver failure

Table 1 Effect of glutamine on hepatic integrity levels in rats with severe acute liver failure

Enzyme	CO	CO + G	TAA	TAA + G
AST (U/L)	38.25 ± 5.82	44.96 ± 5.69	623.58 ± 51.66a	269.38 ± 33.26c
ALT (U/L)	29.65 ± 4.65	33.45 ± 3.12	326.27 ± 33.65a	66.54 ± 9.49c
ALP (U/L)	21.36 ± 2.69	19.64 ± 0.96	71.49 ± 4.22a	29.64 ± 3.33c

^aP < 0.05, TAA, CO vs CO + G;

^cP < 0.05, TAA + G vs TAA. Values expressed as mean ± SE. CO: Control; G: Glutamine; TAA: Thioacetamide; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase.

Table 2 Effect of glutamine on enzyme activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase in rats with experimental severe acute liver failure

Enzyme	CO	CO + G	TAA	TAA + G
catalase (ρmol/min/mg prot)	0.47 ± 0.04	0.51 ± 0.02	0.24 ± 0.06b	0.38 ± 0.03d
glutathione peroxidase (nmol/min/mg prot)	0.31 ± 0.05	0.36 ± 0.07	0.99 ± 0.11c	0.72 ± 0.09d
glutathione S-transferase (µmol/min/mg prot)	231.64 ± 11.25	249.65 ± 26.38	769.75 ± 55.69c	326.81 ± 41.25d

^bP < 0.01,

^cP < 0.001, TAA, CO vs CO + G;

^dP < 0.001, TAA + G vs TAA. Values expressed as mean ± SE. CO: Control; G: Glutamine; TAA: Thioacetamide.

Table 3 Effect of glutamine on levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the liver of rats with experimental severe acute liver failure

Cytokine	CO	CO + G	TAA	TAA + G
IL-1β (pg/mL)	61.10 ± 1.81	62.19 ± 1.32	465.96 ± 15.90a	104.69 ± 8.57b
IL-6 (pg/mL)	73.22 ± 0.98	78.21 ± 0.88	359.40 ± 12.62a	155.93 ± 6.93b
IL-10 (pg/mL)	145.69 ± 0.99	136.25 ± 1.23	58.28 ± 4.55a	99.25 ± 3.11b
TNF-α (pg/mL)	0.68 ± 0.23	0.71 ± 0.25	2.98 ± 0.64a	1.45 ± 0.41b

^bP < 0.001, TAA, CO vs CO + G; ^dP < 0.01, TAA + G vs TAA. Values expressed as mean ± SE. CO: Control; G: Glutamine; TAA: Thioacetamide.