Hepatocellular carcinoma in non-cirrhotic liver: A comprehensive review

Table 1 Incidence of different risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic liver in various studies

Parameter	Study	No (NC)	No (CL)	Percentage (NC)	Percentage (CL)	Mean Incidence (NC)	Mean Incidence (CL)
Alcohol	Schütte et al[16]	14	285	15%	50%	21.77%	30%
	Nzeako et al[52]	25	130	7%	28%
	Trevisani et al[4]	15	105	16.50%	30%
	Techathuvanan et al[153]	26	48	36%	34%
	Chang et al[154]	98	99	44%	44.50%
	Grazi et al[155]	29	67	21.50%	23%
	Shim et al[28]	22	22	12.40%	4.10%
HBV	Nzeako et al[52]	17	43	5%	9.30%	30.60%	41.65%
	Trevisani et al[4]	10	81	10%	22.55
	Techathuvanan et al[153]	5	26	10.60%	32%
	Chang et al[154]	142	150	64.30%	69%
	Grazi et al[155]	17	46	12.60%	14.90%
	Shim et al[28]	105	443	59%	83.30%
	Kew et al[156]	NR	NR	52.80%	60.50%
HCV	Trevisani et al[4]	48	76	15%	76%	14.36%	44.18%
	Chang et al[154]	39	57	18.10%	27.40%
	Grazi et al[155]	33	182	24.40%	56.80%
	Shim et al[28]	13	27	7.30%	5.10%
	Albeldawi et al[157]	6	107	7%	55.70%
NASH	Schütte et al[16]	6	37	6.45%	6.48%	NA	NA
Cigarette smoking	Schütte et al[16]	55	231	40%	47.60%	28.37%	32.10%
	Trevisani et al[4]	16	70	20%	28%
	Techathuvanan et al[153]	4	5	4.20%	2.80%
	Chang et al[154]	110	111	49.30%	50%
Diabetes Mellitus	Schütte et al[16]	59	368	71.20%	83.70%	40.73%	46.40%
	Shim et al[28]	27	84	15.20%	15.80%
	Albeldawi et al[157]	29	113	35.80%	39.70%
Family History	Techathuvanan et al[153]	9	7	12.30%	4.90%	13.85%	9.60%
	Chang et al[154]	32	30	15.40%	14.30%
Cryptogenic	Schütte et al[16]	53	65	57%	11.38%	39.15%	9.44%
	Shim et al[28]	38	40	21.30%	7.50%

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; NC: Non-cirrhotic liver; CL : Cirrhotic liver.