Copyright
©The Author(s) 2018.
World J Hepatol. Dec 27, 2018; 10(12): 944-955
Published online Dec 27, 2018. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v10.i12.944
Published online Dec 27, 2018. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v10.i12.944
Table 1 Baseline demographic details
Variables | n (%) or | |
mean ± SD | ||
Age (yr) | 54.56 ± 11.74 | |
Gender | Male | 258 (64.6) |
Female | 136 (34.4) | |
Etiology (viral) | Hepatitis C | 260 (65.1) |
Hepatitis B | 31 (7.7) | |
Hepatitis B + Hepatitis D | 12 (3) | |
Hepatitis B + Hepatitis C | 6 (1.5) | |
Non-B, Non-C | 61 (15.2) | |
(Unknown etiology) | ||
Alcohol | 20 (5) | |
Autoimmune hepatitis | 8 (2) | |
Hemochromatosis | 1 (0.25) | |
Duration of chronic liver disease (yr) | 4.25 ± 3.71 | |
NCDs | Diabetes | 148 (37) |
Hypertension | 96 (24) | |
Chronic kidney disease | 30 (7.5) | |
Ischemic heart disease | 23 (5.7) | |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 13 (3.2) | |
Infections on admission | Sepsis | 70 (17.5) |
Lower respiratory tract infection | 24 (6) | |
Urinary tract infection | 30 (7.5) | |
Non-ST Elevation myocardial infarction | 7 (1.75) | |
Stroke | 3 (0.75) | |
Decompensation on admission | Ascites | 300 (75.1) |
Presence of esophageal/gastric varices | 235 (58.8) | |
Portosystemic encephalopathy | 170 (42.6) | |
Acute kidney injury | 165 (41.3) | |
Upper GI bleed | 118 (29.5) | |
Hepatocellular carcinoma | 98 (24.5) | |
Hepatorenal syndrome | 86 (21.5) | |
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis | 76 (19) | |
Hepato-hydrothorax | 12 (3) | |
Investigations | Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 9.81 ± 2.17 |
Total leukocyte count (× 109/L) | 9.87 ± 6.17 | |
Platelets (× 109/L) | 121.29 ± 108.12 | |
Prothrombin time (s) | 17.37 ± 7.87 | |
International normalizing ratio | 1.63 ± 0.65 | |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.65 ± 1.37 | |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 132.3 ± 7.62 | |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.17 ± 0.88 | |
pH | 7.37 ± 0.12 | |
Bicarbonate (mmol/L) | 20.13 ± 4.79 | |
Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 5.47 ± 7.57 | |
Alanine transaminase (IU/L) | 78.7 ± 128.21 | |
Gama glutamyl transferase (IU/L) | 119.26 ± 159.87 | |
Alkaline phosphatase (IU/L) | 178.35 ± 133.8 | |
Albumin (g/dL) | 2.59 ± 0.58 | |
Child class | A | 39 (9.8) |
B | 142 (35.6) | |
C | 218 (54.6) | |
Prognostic scores | MELD score | 18.0 ± 8.55 |
MELD-Na | 21.73 ± 8.31 | |
Charlson index | 4.21 ± 1.63 | |
Charlson age adjusted score | 5.33 ± 2.20 | |
Outcomes | Mortality | 52 (13) |
Prolong stay | 72 (18) | |
Readmission | 28 (7) |
Table 2 Multivariate analysis of factors predicting 6 wk mortality in chronic liver disease patients
OR (95%CI) | P value | ||
NSTEMI | No | 1 | |
Yes | 16.03 (2.01-127.46) | 0.009 | |
Sepsis | No | 1 | |
Yes | 6.50 (3.01-14.06) | < 0.001 | |
AKI | No | 1 | |
Yes | 2.69 (1.17-6.20) | 0.02 | |
INR | 1.75 (1.14-2.69) | < 0.001 |
Table 3 Multivariate analysis of factors predicting morbidity
OR (95%CI) | P value | ||
CKD | No | 1 | |
Yes | 3.18 (1.30-7.82) | 0.01 | |
MELD-Na | 1.05 (1.01-1.08) | 0.005 | |
Albumin | 0.55 (0.32-0.92) | 0.02 |
Table 4 Multivariate analysis of factors predicting both mortality and morbidity
OR (95%CI) | P value | ||
CKD | No | 1 | |
Yes | 3.12 (1.21-8.06) | 0.01 | |
TLC | 1.08 (1.03-1.12) | < 0.001 | |
Child Class | 3.57 (2.20-5.79) | < 0.001 |
Table 5 The relationship between predictor of mortality and non-communicable diseases, n (%)
NCDs | P value | ||
Yes | No | ||
210 (52.6) | 189 (47.3) | ||
NSTEMI | 7 (3.3) | 0 | 0.01 |
Sepsis | 31 (14.8) | 39 (20.6) | 0.14 |
AKI | 92 (44.7) | 76 (40.2) | 0.41 |
- Citation: Qazi Arisar FA, Abid S, Shaikh PA, Awan S. Impact of sepsis and non-communicable diseases on prognostic models to predict the outcome of hospitalized chronic liver disease patients. World J Hepatol 2018; 10(12): 944-955
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v10/i12/944.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v10.i12.944