Genetic diversity of hepatitis viruses in West-African countries from 1996 to 2018

Table 1 Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes in West African Economic and Monetary Union countries, Ghana and Nigeria

Ref.	Year	Countries	Patients	Type of study	Samples	HBV genotypes (n)
Diarra et al[80]	2018	Burkina Faso	Occult HBV	Cross-sectional	21	E (17) and A3 (4)
Archampong et al[59]	2017	Ghana	HBV-HIV coinfected	Cross-sectional	63	E (58), A (4) and D (1)
Boyce et al[58]	2017	Ghana	HBV-HIV coinfected	Case reports	3	D/E (3)
Cella et al[63]	2017	Mali	Malian refugees	Cross-sectional	16	E (16)
Lawson-Ananissoh et al[81]	2017	Côte d’Ivoire	Chronic HBV	Prospective	33	E (27), A (6)
Dongdem et al[73]	2016	Ghana	Chronic Hepatitis B	Cross-sectional	58	E (47), A (8) and D (3)
Opaleye et al[82]	2016	Nigeria	HBV+	Cross-sectional	17	E (17)
Compaore et al[62]	2016	Burkina Faso	HIV-1+ and HIV-1-	Case-Control	120	E (120)
Candotti et al[83]	2016	Burkina Faso	Blood donors	Prospective	99	E (71) A3QS (28)
Brah et al[84]	2016	Niger	HBV infected	Prospective	23	E (21), A3E (1) and D/E (1)
Boyd et al[85]	2016	Côte d’Ivoire	HBV-HIV coinfected	Prospective	100	E (98) and A (2)
Ampah et al[61]	2016	Ghana	Randomized volunteers	Prospective	52	E (52)
Traore et al[55]	2015	Mali	Adults volunteers	Cohort study	90	E (82), D/E (5), D (1) and A (2)
Faleye et al[86]	2015	Nigeria	Pregnant women	Cross-sectional	6	E (6)
Faleye et al[87]	2015	Nigeria	Asymptomatic individuals	Cross-sectional	13	E (13)
Maylin et al[88]	2015	Senegal	Chronic HBV	Cohort study	87	E (65), A (22)
Honge et al[76]	2014	Guinea-Bissau	HIV+	Cross-sectional	26	E (25) and D (1)
De Paschale et al[12]	2014	Benin	Pregnant women	Prospective	19	E (19)
Forbi et al[56]	2013	West Africa1	Pregnant women and HIV+	Multicenter	83	E (74) and A (9)
Hübschen et al[89]	2011	Nigeria	Cohorts samples	Cohorts study	163	E (154) and A (9)
Geretti et al[90]	2010	Ghana	HIV+	Cross-sectional	86	E (82) and A (4)
Forbi et al[69]	2010	Nigeria	Asymptomatic volunteers	Cross-sectional	55	E (53) and A3 (2)
Chekaraou et al[32]	2010	Niger	Blood donors	Cross-sectional	24	E (20), D/E (4)
Candotti et al[91]	2007	Ghana	Pregnant women	Cross-sectional	70	E (69) and A (1)
Vray et al[92]	2006	Senegal	Blood donors	Cross-sectional	32	E (23) and A (9)
Huy et al[60]	2006	Ghana	Blood donors	Cross-sectional	12	E (12)
Candotti et al[66]	2006	Ghana	Blood donors	Cross-sectional	100	E (87), A (10) and D (3)
Fujiwara et al[65]	2005	Benin	Blood donors	Cross-sectional	21	E (20) and A (1)
Mulders et al[64]	2004	West Africa2	Measles or HIV+	Multicenter	79	E (78), and A (1)
Suzuki et al[70]	2003	Côte d’Ivoire	HBV carriers	Cross-sectional	48	E (42), A (3) and D (3)

¹Ghana 13 (E = 100%), Côte d’Ivoire 70 (E = 87%);

²Benin 13 strains, Burkina Faso 11 with 1 case of HBV-A genotypes (BFA-S121), Mali 18 strains, 15 strains from Nigeria and Togo 22 strains. WAEMU: West African Economic and Monetary Union; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus.

Table 2 Distribution of non-hepatitis B virus genotypes in West African Economic and Monetary Union countries, Ghana and Nigeria

Ref.	Year	Countries	Patients	Type of study	Samples	Others hepatitis genotypes (n)
Abubakar et al[93]	2017	Nigeria	HCV+	Prospective	173	HCV G1 (159) and G2 (14)
Ndiaye et al[94]	2015	Senegal	Drug users	Cohort study	25	HCV G1 (21), G2 (1), G3 (1) and G4 (2)
Henquell et al[95]	2016	Burkina Faso	woman	Case report	1	HCV G5 (1)
Opaleye [82]	2016	Nigeria	HBV+	Cross-sectional	14	HDV G1 (14)
De Paschale et al[12]	2014	Benin	Pregnant women	Prospective	6	HCV G1 (1), G2 (5)
Honge et al[76]	2014	Guinea Bissau	HIV+	Cross-sectional	8	HCV G2 (8)
Zeba et al[96]	2014	Burkina Faso	Blood donors	Cross-sectional	36	HCV G1 (4), G2 (22), G3 (8), G4 (2)
Forbi et al[56]	2013	Nigeria	Apparently healthy adult	Cross-sectional	12	HAV sub-G1A (12)
Diarra et al[97]	2013	Mali	Diabetic	Prospective	25	HCV G1 (7) and G2 (18)
Bouare et al[98]	2013	Mali	Old women	Prospective	14	HCV G1 (2) and G2 (12)
Forbi et al[47]	2012	Nigeria	Asymptomatic indigenes	Prospective	60	HCV G1 (51) and G2 (9)
Sombie et al[99]	2011	Burkina Faso	HCV+	Prospective	38	HCV G1 (10), G2 (27) and G5 (1)
Bengue et al[100]	2008	Côte d’Ivoire	Blood donors	Prospective	27	HCV G1 (21), G2 (5) and G5 (1)
Plamondon et al[101]	2007	Guinea Bissau	Adult volunteers	Cross-sectional	57	HCV G1 (1) and G2 (56)
Simpore et al[102]	2005	Burkina Faso	Pregnant women	Prospective	5	HCV G1 (2) and G2 (3)
Rouet et al[103]	2004	Côte d’Ivoire	HIV+/Pregnant women	Cross-sectional	6	HCV G1 (3) and G2 (3)
Agwale et al[104]	2004	Nigeria	HIV+ under ART	Prospective	12	HCV G1 (9) and G2 (3)
Candotti et al[45]	2003	Ghana	Blood donors	Cross-sectional	23	HCV G1 (3) and G2 (20)
Buisson et al[105]	2000	Nigeria	Acute hepatitis	Cross-sectional	7	HEV G3 (7)
Saito et al[79]	1999	Ghana	HIV+ and HIV-	Cross-sectional	9	HGV G1 (9)
Wansbrough-Jones et al[106]	1998	Ghana	Blood donors	Cross-sectional	7	HCV G1 (2) and G2 (5)
Oni et al[107]	1996	Nigeria	blood donors	Cross-sectional	5	HCV G1 (2) and G4 (3)

WAEMU: West African Economic and Monetary Union; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HDV: Hepatitis D virus; HEV: Hepatitis E virus; HGV: Hepatitis G virus; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; ART: Antiretroviral treatment.