Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition in hepatocellular carcinoma

Figure 1 Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1, Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 and their associated proteins. mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin; DEPTOR: DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein; mLST8: Mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 9; RAPTOR: Regulatory-associated protein of mTOR; PRAS40: 40 kDa Pro-rich AKT substrate; RICTOR: Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR; mSIN1: Mammalian stress-activated map kinase-interacting protein 1; PROTOR: Protein observed with RICTOR.

Figure 2 The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. IRS1: Insulin receptor subsrate 1; PI3K: Phophoinositide-3-kinase; PIP-2: Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-biphosphate; PIP-3: Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate; PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homologue on chromosome 10 gene; PDK1: Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1; PKB/AKT: Serine/threonine protein kinase; TSC1-TSC2: Tuberous sclerosis 1-tuberous sclerosis 2 complex; 4EBP1: Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; eIF4E: Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E; S6K1: 70S ribosomal protein S6 kinase; SFKs: SRC family kinases.