Portal hypertensive biliopathy: A single center experience and literature review

Figure 1 Ultrasound examination. A: Ultrasound examination showing dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts; B: Doppler ultrasound examination demonstrating cavernomatous degeneration of the portal vein with hilar collateral circulation.

Figure 2 Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. A: Coronal T2 weight Magnetic resonance indicates marked dilatation of the intra-and extra-hepatic bile duct (*), with presence of vascular structures with void flow that exert extrinsic compression (arrowheads), corresponding to the cavernoma. B: Coronal maximum intensity reconstruction shows the severity of the dilatation of the intra- and extra-hepatic bile duct (*) with notable narrowing of the distal common bile duct (arrow).

Figure 3 Pancreatic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography image indicates the site of stenosis of the bile duct (arrow) and a marked dilation of the biliary radicals.

Figure 4 Portal phase abdominal computed tomography. A, B: Axial (A) and coronal planes (B) show multiple dilated collateral representing the paracholedochal plexus (arrowheads) with reduced diameter of the bile duct (*), secondary to extrinsic compression by the cavernoma; C: The superior axial image shows dilatation of the bile ducts (arrow).

Figure 5 Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. Coronal maximum intensity reconstruction identifies irregularities and extrinsic compression of the distal common bile duct (arrowheads).