Establish and validate an artificial neural networks model used for predicting portal vein thrombosis risk in hepatitis B-related cirrhosis patients

Figure 1 Study flow diagram. HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; ANN: Artificial neural networks.

Figure 2 Artificial neural network model page design according to different conditions of patients. INR: International normalized ratio; NLR: Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio; PLT: platelet count; ALB: Albumin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase.

Figure 3 According to the artificial neural network model, the patient training and validation sets are divided into two risk layers as follows: High and low through Kaplan–Meier method. A: The Kaplan–Meier (KM) curve for the risk of the occurrence of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) through the artificial neural network (ANN) model within three years in the training group; B: The KM curve for the risk of the occurrence of PVT through the ANN model within five years in the training group; C: The KM curve for the risk of the occurrence of PVT through the ANN model within three years in the validation group; D: The KM curve for the risk of the occurrence of PVT through the ANN model within five years in the validation group.

Figure 4 Predicted vs observed cumulative incidence of portal vein thrombosis based on the predictive model. A: The decision curve analysis (DCA) curve comparing the artificial neural network (ANN) model with other models for predicting the occurrence of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) within three years in the training group; B: The DCA curve comparing the ANN model with other models for predicting the occurrence of PVT within five years in the training group; C: The DCA curve comparing the ANN model with other models for predicting the occurrence of PVT within three years in the validation group; D: The DCA curve comparing the ANN model with other models for predicting the occurrence of PVT within five years in the validation group.

Figure 5 The cumulative probabilities of portal vein thrombosis of our model at 3/5 years in the training and validation data sets. A: The cumulative curve for predicting the occurrence of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) using the artificial neural network (ANN) model within three years in the training group; B: The cumulative curve for predicting the occurrence of PVT using the ANN model within five years in the training group; C: The cumulative curve for predicting the occurrence of PVT using the ANN model within three years in the validation group; D: The cumulative curve for predicting the occurrence of PVT using the ANN model within five years in the validation group.