Mogroside V protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury by reducing reactive oxygen species and c-jun-N-terminal kinase activation in mice

Figure 1 Mogroside V attenuates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury. A: Seven consecutive days of oral Mogroside V (MV) administration decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in mice 24 hours after acetaminophen (APAP) treatment. n = 4-8 per group; B: A single dose of oral MV administration decreased serum ALT and AST levels in mice 6 and 24 hours following APAP treatment. n = 4-8 per group; C and D: A single dose of oral MV administration reduced the necrotic area and TUNEL⁺ cells in the livers of mice 12 hours after APAP exposure. n = 4 per group. Scale bar, 50 μm. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001, ^dP < 0.0001. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; MV: Mogroside V; APAP: Acetaminophen.

Figure 2 Mogroside V reduces the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the liver of acetaminophen-treated mice. A: Representative images of immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and the relative intensity of CD68; B: Representative images of IHC staining and the relative intensity of S100A9. Scale bar, 50 μm. n = 4-8 per group. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^dP < 0.0001. MV: Mogroside V; APAP: Acetaminophen.

Figure 3 Mogroside V has no effect on glutathione depletion in the liver following acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury. Mice were pretreated with or without Mogroside V for one hour prior to acetaminophen (APAP) administration, and glutathione levels were measured 2 and 6 hours after APAP exposure. n = 4-8 per group. MV: Mogroside V; APAP: Acetaminophen; GSH: Glutathione.

Figure 4 Mogroside V inhibits acetaminophen-induced c-jun-N-terminal kinase activation in the liver of acetaminophen-treated mice. Mice were pretreated with or without Mogroside V for one hour prior to acetaminophen administration, and the protein level of phosphorylated c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and total JNK were measured six hours later. n = 3-5 per group. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01. MV: Mogroside V; APAP: Acetaminophen; GSH: Glutathione.

Figure 5 Mogroside V reduces nitrotyrosine levels in the liver of acetaminophen-treated mice. Representative images of immunohistochemistry staining and the corresponding relative intensity of nitrotyrosine are presented. Scale bar, 50 μm. n = 4 per group. ^bP < 0.01. MV: Mogroside V; APAP: Acetaminophen; GSH: Glutathione.

Figure 6 Mogroside V attenuates acetaminophen-induced hepatocytes damage in AML12 cells. AML 12 cells were treated with acetaminophen (APAP) (20 mM) supplemented with or without mogroside V (100 μM). A: Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of p-c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and JNK after APAP exposure for six hours; B: Reactive oxygen species levels were detected 3 hours after APAP exposure; C: Cell death was measured by PI/Hoechst 33342 staining 24 hours after APAP exposure. Scale bar, 100 μm. MV: Mogroside V; APAP: Acetaminophen; GSH: Glutathione.