Effect of a specific Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 strain on minimal/mild hepatic encephalopathy treatment

Figure 1 Consolidated standards of reporting trials flow chart - trial protocol. AE: Adverse events.

Figure 2 Serum ammonia concentration in patients with hepatic encephalopathy receiving treatment with lactulose, rifaximin and probiotics E. coli Nissle 1917 (n = 14 in each group).^aP < 0.05 as compared to pre-treatment levels; ^bP < 0.05 as compared to the lactulose treatment. E. coli: Escherichia coli.

Figure 3 The total time of evaluation of stimuli in Stroop test in patients with hepatic encephalopathy receiving treatment with lactulose, rifaximin and probiotics E. coli Nissle 1917 (n = 14 in each group). A: Stroop-off; B: Stroop-on. ^aP < 0.05 as compared to pre-treatment levels; ^bP < 0.05 as compared to the lactulose treatment. E. coli: Escherichia coli.

Figure 4 Serum cytokine levels in patients with HE receiving treatment with lactulose, rifaximin and probiotics E. coli Nissle 1917 (n = 14 in each group). A: INF-γ; B: IL-6; C: IL-8. ^aP < 0.05 as compared to pre-treatment levels; ^bP < 0.05 as compared to the lactulose treatment. E. coli: Escherichia coli.