Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and liver biopsy in the evaluation of elevated liver function tests after liver transplantation

Figure 1 Photomicrograph of representative portal tract in acute cellular rejection. Mixed, lymphocyte predominant portal-based inflammation, bile duct inflammation characterized by lymphocyte infiltration (circle), and a large portal venule with subendothelial lymphocyte infiltration and intraluminal lymphocyte tethering[24] (hematoxylin and eosin stain, 40 ×).

Figure 2 Cholangiogram during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography demonstrating an anastomotic stricture (arrow).

Figure 3 Flow diagram of patients. ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Figure 4 Causes of liver test abnormalities after liver transplantation. Legend: Used with permission from Lucey et al[2], 2013. HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; PBC: Primary biliary cholangitis; PSC: Pulmonary scar cancer.