Carvedilol vs endoscopic variceal ligation for primary and secondary prevention of variceal bleeding: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Figure 1 The results of the literature search process used in the current study, depicted using a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flow diagram.

Figure 2 A risk of bias graph showing the researchers’ opinions on each risk of bias item (presented as percentages across all the seven included studies).

Figure 3 A risk of bias summary showing the researchers’ opinions on each risk of bias item for each of the seven included studies.

Figure 4 Meta-analysis forest plot of primary outcomes in primary prevention studies. A: Variceal bleeding; B: All-cause mortality; C: Bleeding-related mortality.

Figure 5 Meta-analysis forest plot of secondary outcomes in primary prevention studies. A: Side-effects of treatment; B: Compliance.

Figure 6 Meta-analysis forest plot of primary outcomes in secondary prevention studies. A: Variceal rebleeding; B: All-cause mortality.