修回日期: 2020-05-21
接受日期: 2020-06-09
在线出版日期: 2020-06-28
由于初产妇对新生婴儿缺乏心理准备, 易产生焦虑紧张, 导致母乳喂养率较低,因此如何提升母乳喂养率, 并通过寻找相关因素来提升初产妇的母乳喂养率是值得研究的重要课题.
探讨健康行为能力在初产妇心理弹性和母乳喂养自我效能中的中介作用.
采用便利抽样法, 选取2019-01/2019-12在浙江省义乌市中心医院的80例初产妇为研究对象, 采用健康行为能力自评量表(Self-rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale, SRAHP)、心理弹性量表(The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, CD-RISC)以及母乳喂养自我效能量表短表(Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form, BSES-SF)进行问卷调查.
76例初产妇SRAHP总分为67.23分±9.15分, CD-RISC总分为56.48分±5.49分, BSES-SF总分为48.52分± 8.79分. 通过Pearson相关性分析表明, 初产妇健康行为能力各维度、心理弹性各维度与母乳喂养自我效能各维度之间均呈显著正相关(P<0.05). 采用中介效应检验程序, 步骤1提示心理弹性对母乳喂养自我效能有正向预测作用(β = 0.482, P<0.05); 步骤2提示心理弹性对健康行为能力有正向预测作用(β = 0.497, P<0.05); 步骤3加入健康行为能力为第3层变量, 提示健康行为能力对母乳喂养自我效能有影响(β = 0.726, P<0.05), 提示健康行为能力在心理弹性与母乳喂养自我效能关系中起部分中介作用, 中介效应为0.349 (0.726×0.482), 占总效应比例为39.67% (0.733×0.412/0.882×100%).
健康行为能力在初产妇心理弹性和母乳喂养自我效能中具有中介作用, 在临床工作中提升初产妇健康行为能力可改善心理弹性和母乳喂养自我效能, 对促进母乳喂养具有重要意义.
核心提要: 由于初产妇妊娠后其生理和心理上均可发生变化, 使其健康行为、心理弹性和自我效能均相应发生变化, 从而缺乏对母乳喂养知识的正确认识, 导致母乳喂养率降低. 本研究旨在探讨健康行为能力对初产妇心理弹性和母乳喂养自我效能是否具有中介作用, 从而为提升初产妇母乳喂养提供重要参考依据.
引文著录: 楼燕芳. 健康行为能力在初产妇心理弹性和母乳喂养自我效能中的中介作用. 世界华人消化杂志 2020; 28(12): 501-505
Revised: May 21, 2020
Accepted: June 9, 2020
Published online: June 28, 2020
Due to the lack of psychological preparation for the newborn baby, primiparae are prone to anxiety and tension, which leads to a low rate of breastfeeding. Therefore, how to improve the rate of breastfeeding by identifying the relevant factors is an important research topic.
To explore the mediating role of healthy behavioral ability in maternal mental resilience and breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparae.
A total of 80 primiparae at Yiwu Central Hospital of Zhejiang Province from January 2019 to December 2019 were selected by convenience sampling method. The Self-rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale (SRAHP), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) were used for the questionnaire survey.
The total SRAHP score of the 76 primiparae was 67.23 ± 9.15, total CD-RISC score was 56.48 ± 5.49, and total BSES-SF total score was 48.52 ± 8.79. Pearson correlation analysis showed that all dimensions of maternal health behavior ability, mental resilience, and breastfeeding self-efficacy were positively correlated (P < 0.05). The test procedure of mediating effect was adopted. Step 1 suggested that psychological resilience had a positive predictive effect on breastfeeding self-efficacy (β = 0.482, P < 0.05). Step 2 suggested that mental resilience had a positive predictive effect on healthy behavioral capacity (β= 0.497, P < 0.05). In step 3, healthy behavioral ability was added as the third level variable, and it was found that healthy behavioral ability had an impact on breastfeeding self-efficacy (β = 0.726, P < 0.05), suggesting that healthy behavioral ability plays a mediating role in the relationship between mental resilience and breastfeeding self-efficacy. The mediating effect was 0.349 (0.726 × 0.482), accounting for 39.67% of the total effect (0.733 × 0.412/0.882 × 100%).
Healthy behavioral ability plays a mediating role in maternal psychological resilience and breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparae. Improving maternal health behavioral ability in clinical work can improve mental resilience and breastfeeding self-efficacy, which is of great significance for promoting breastfeeding.
- Citation: Lou YF. Mediating role of healthy behavioral ability in maternal mental resilience and breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparae. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2020; 28(12): 501-505
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1009-3079/full/v28/i12/501.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v28.i12.501
母乳喂养方式最为安全, 且营养价值高, 不但能促进神经系统发育和提升婴儿免疫力, 而且还能降低婴儿发生感染、坏死性结肠炎等疾病风险[1,2]. 由于初产妇对新生婴儿缺乏心理准备, 易产生焦虑紧张, 导致母乳喂养率较低, 因此如何提升母乳喂养率, 并通过寻找相关因素来提升初产妇的母乳喂养率是值得研究的重要课题. 母乳喂养自我效能是指产妇对采用母乳喂养的信心程度, 对选择母乳喂养是重要因素之一[3]. 心理弹性是指产妇对内外环境改变所产生的心理状态[4]. 健康行为能力是指产妇在维持自身健康方面所采取的行为能力[5]. 由于初产妇妊娠后其生理和心理上均可发生变化, 使其健康行为、心理弹性和自我效能均相应发生变化, 从而缺乏对母乳喂养知识的正确认识, 导致母乳喂养率降低. 本研究旨在探讨健康行为能力对初产妇心理弹性和母乳喂养自我效能是否具有中介作用, 从而为提升初产妇母乳喂养提供重要参考依据.
1.1.1 一般资料: 采用便利抽样法, 选取2019-01/2019-12在浙江省义乌市中心医院的80例初产妇为研究对象, 年龄26-34岁, 平均29.3岁±4.5岁; 文化程度: 初中及以下12例, 高中15例, 大专及本科42例, 研究生11例; 分娩方式: 自然分娩45例, 剖宫产35例; 新生儿男孩52名, 女孩28名.
1.1.2 纳入标准: (1)均为首次妊娠妇女; (2)均在我院分娩; (3)均为产后母乳喂养; (4)产妇及家属均知情同意, 并愿意参加者; (5)经过医院伦理委员会批准同意.
1.1.3 排除标准: (1)有妊娠并发症者; (2)有产后焦虑、抑郁者; (3)有流产史者; (4)未婚先孕者.
产后30 d发放调查问卷, 并指导产妇填写, 告知产妇注意事项, 问卷填写后当场回收. 具体问卷如下: (1)健康行为能力自评量表(Self-rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale, SRAHP)[6], 包括营养、心理安适、运动和健康责任4个维度, 28个条目, 采用Likert 5级计分法, 量表总分112分, 分数越高健康行为能力越高, 量表Cronbach's α系数 = 0.922; (2)心理弹性量表(The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, CD-RISC)[7], 包括坚韧、力量、乐观3个维度25个条目, 采用Likert 5级计分法, 量表总分100分, 分数越高产妇心理弹性越强, 量表Cronbach's α系数 = 0.910; (3)母乳喂养自我效能量表短表(Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form, BSES-SF)[8,9], 包括技能维度和内心维度, 共14个条目, 采用Likert 5级计分法, 量表总分70分, 分数越高产妇母乳喂养自我效能越高, 量表Cronbach's α系数 = 0.916. 本研究发放问卷80份, 回收有效问卷77份, 有效回收率为96.25%.
统计学处理 采用SPSS 23.0处理数据, 计量资料采用mean±SD表示, 分别采用Pearson相关和逐步回归分析法分析初产妇健康行为能力、心理弹性以及母乳喂养自我效能之间的相关性和中介作用. P<0.05为差异有统计学意义.
76例初产妇SRAHP总分为67.23分±9.15分, CD-RISC总分为56.48分±5.49分, BSES-SF总分为48.52分±8.79分, 见表1.
维度 | 条目数 | 得分 | 条目均分 |
SRAHP | |||
营养 | 7 | 18.76±5.43 | 2.71±0.82 |
运动 | 7 | 12.98±5.01 | 1.94±0.63 |
心理安适 | 7 | 15.24±4.97 | 2.36±0.71 |
健康责任 | 7 | 19.25 ± 5.28 | 2.89±0.84 |
总分 | 28 | 67.23±9.15 | 2.52±0.76 |
CD-RISC | |||
坚韧 | 13 | 28.12±8.24 | 2.17±0.45 |
力量 | 8 | 19.36±7.35 | 2.39±0.72 |
乐观 | 4 | 9.42±2.87 | 2.34±0.81 |
总分 | 25 | 56.48±5.49 | 2.30±1.02 |
BSES-SF | |||
技能维度 | 9 | 27.38±6.35 | 3.12±0.76 |
内心维度 | 5 | 21.03±5.46 | 3.96±0.89 |
总分 | 14 | 48.52±8.79 | 3.86±0.83 |
通过Pearson相关性分析表明, 初产妇健康行为能力各维度、心理弹性各维度与母乳喂养自我效能各维度之间均呈显著正相关(P<0.05, 表2).
维度 | 营养 | 运动 | 心理安适 | 健康责任 | 坚韧 | 力量 | 乐观 | 技能维度 | 内心维度 |
SRAHP | |||||||||
营养 | 1 | ||||||||
运动 | 0.492 | 1 | |||||||
心理安适 | 0.445 | 0.403 | 1 | ||||||
健康责任 | 0.502 | 0.449 | 0.385 | 1 | |||||
CD-RISC | |||||||||
坚韧 | 0.268 | 0.312 | 0.281 | 0.324 | 1 | ||||
力量 | 0.249 | 0.265 | 0.259 | 0.269 | 0.436 | 1 | |||
乐观 | 0.257 | 0.284 | 0.301 | 0.263 | 0.452 | 0.467 | 1 | ||
BSES-SF | |||||||||
技能维度 | 0.243 | 0.293 | 0.258 | 0.249 | 0.302 | 0.261 | 0.254 | 1 | |
内心维度 | 0.257 | 0.266 | 0.263 | 0.242 | 0.317 | 0.235 | 0.232 | 0.522 | 1 |
采用中介效应检验程序, 步骤1提示心理弹性对母乳喂养自我效能有正向预测作用(β = 0.482, P<0.05); 步骤2提示心理弹性对健康行为能力有正向预测作用(β = 0.497, P<0.05); 步骤3加入健康行为能力为第3层变量, 提示健康行为能力对母乳喂养自我效能有影响(β = 0.726, P<0.05), 提示健康行为能力在心理弹性与母乳喂养自我效能关系中起部分中介作用, 中介效应为0.349 (0.726×0.482), 占总效应比例为39.67% (0.733×0.412/0.882×100%, 表3).
分析过程 | 因变量 | 标准化方程 | R2值 | △R2值 | P值 | |
步骤1 | 母乳喂养自我效能 | 心理弹性 | Y = 2.872+0.812X | 0.482 | 0.473 | <0.05 |
步骤2 | 健康行为能力 | 心理弹性 | Y = 7.121+0.733X | 0.497 | 0.501 | <0.05 |
步骤3 | 母乳喂养自我效能 | 心理弹性 | Y = 10.84+0.563X+0.412 | 0.726 | 0.725 | <0.05 |
健康行为能力 |
本研究76例初产妇SRAHP总分处于中等水平, 说明初产妇在维持自身健康方面缺乏健康意识, 这可能与初产妇产前健康宣教不足, 以及尚未充分做好准备去面对分娩的心理状态有关[10]. 在该量表中, 责任和营养条目得分相对较高, 这可能与初产妇对新生儿有高度的责任, 而且大多数初产妇均为家中独女, 经济条件较好, 所以对新生儿的营养关注度较高[11,12]. 本研究CD-RISC总分相对降低, 这可能与初产妇缺乏经验以及紧张等心理有关, 所以在临床工作中, 医护人员要早期对初产妇采取心理干预, 通过多种方式进行心理疏导, 以更好的提升初产妇的心理弹性水平. 本研究BSES-SF总分处于中等偏高水平, 其中内心维度要高于技能维度评分, 这可能与初产妇缺乏母乳喂养经验有关[13], 所以在临床工作中, 医护人员要对初产妇进行相关的母乳喂养知识培训, 以提升其母乳喂养的技能.
本研究通过Pearson相关性分析表明, 初产妇健康行为能力、心理弹性与母乳喂养自我效能间均呈显著正相关(P<0.05), 由此说明初产妇的健康行为能力、心理弹性与母乳喂养自我效能均可提高初产妇选择母乳喂养[14]. 所以, 在临床工作中, 医护人员要加强对初产妇的健康宣教, 母乳喂养益处的知识培训, 围产期的心理疏导以提高初产妇的母乳喂养自我效能和心理弹性, 从而有利于提高母乳喂养率.
本研究采用中介效应检验程序分析, 心理弹性对母乳喂养自我效能和健康行为能力有正向预测作用(P<0.05), 当加入健康行为能力后, 提示健康行为能力在心理弹性与母乳喂养自我效能关系中起部分中介作用. 所以在临床工作中要对初产妇加强培训来改善其健康行为能力, 培训方式可以通过微信平台, 集中培训, 聆听音乐和推荐相关书籍等方式进行, 为积极改善母婴生活质量创造更好的环境[15].
本研究不足之处: (1)样本量较少, 且为单中心研究, 在今后的研究中将进一步增加样本量和多中心研究; (2)本研究仅对初产妇进行调查分析, 在今后的研究中可增加对经产妇的调查研究, 以为产妇选择母乳喂养提供客观依据. 综上所述, 健康行为能力在初产妇心理弹性和母乳喂养自我效能中具有中介作用, 在临床工作中提升初产妇健康行为能力可改善心理弹性和母乳喂养自我效能, 对促进母乳喂养具有重要意义.
母乳喂养方式最为安全, 且营养价值高, 不但能促进神经系统发育和提升婴儿免疫力, 而且还能降低婴儿发生感染、坏死性结肠炎等疾病风险. 由于初产妇对新生婴儿缺乏心理准备, 易产生焦虑紧张, 导致母乳喂养率较低, 因此如何提升母乳喂养率, 并通过寻找相关因素来提升初产妇的母乳喂养率是值得研究的重要课题.
为初产妇临床护理提供新的思路.
探讨健康行为能力在初产妇心理弹性和母乳喂养自我效能中的中介作用.
采用抽样便利法, 对初产妇采用健康行为能力自评量表、心理弹性量表以及母乳喂养自我效能量表短表进行问卷调查.
通过Pearson相关性分析表明, 初产妇健康行为能力各维度、心理弹性各维度与母乳喂养自我效能各维度之间均呈显著正相关(P<0.05).
健康行为能力在初产妇心理弹性和母乳喂养自我效能中具有中介作用.
在临床工作中提升初产妇健康行为能力可改善心理弹性和母乳喂养自我效能, 对促进母乳喂养具有重要意义.
学科分类: 胃肠病学和肝病学
手稿来源地: 浙江省
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