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Kai-Qiang Wang, Qin-Wei Zheng, Meng-Wan Wang, Zhi-Wei Wan, Dan Yang, Wei-Wei Hao, Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
Hong-Zhu Wen, Qing-Yuan Wu, Wei-Wei Hao, Research Institute of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
Supported by: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81874450, No. 81403362, and No. 81703986; Community Promotion Project on Traditional Chinese Medicine Appropriate Technology (Three-year Plan for Improvement of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Hongkou District of Shanghai); Current Situation and Systematic Research on Training of Preventive Health Care Service Personnel (Subproject of Three-year Plan for Preventive Treatment of Diseases in Shanghai).
Corresponding author: Wei-Wei Hao, Professor, Chief Physician, Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200437, China. hao2364@hotmail.com
Received: October 2, 2018 Revised: November 2, 2018 Accepted: November 29, 2018 Published online: March 8, 2019
T-helper 17 (Th17) cells promote tissue inflammation and T-regulatory (Treg) cells inhibit autoimmunity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Thus, the balance between Th17 and Treg cells is crucial. Many factors that influence the generation and maintenance of these cells are also important for appropriate regulation of the Th17/Treg balance; these include TCR signals, costimulatory signals, cytokine signals, Foxp3 stability, metabolic processes, and the microbiota. This article will focus on what we know about these factors, their roles in regulating the Th17/Treg balance, and their clinical implications in IBD.
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