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From "two hit theory" to "multiple hit theory": Implications of evolution of pathogenesis concepts for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Qin Liu, Chun-Yan Niu
Qin Liu, Chun-Yan Niu, Department of Gastroenterology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, Fujian Province, China
Chun-Yan Niu, Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710077, Shaanxi Province, China
Supported by: Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province Science and Technology Department, No. 2017SF-274.
Corresponding author: Chun-Yan Niu, Professor, Chief Physician, Department of Gastroenterology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, 2000 Xiang'an East Road, Xiamen 361101, Fujian Province, China. nchy69@163.com
Received: March 28, 2019 Revised: May 13, 2019 Accepted: June 24, 2019 Published online: October 8, 2019
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming a burgeoning and burdensome public health problem worldwide, along with diabetes and metabolic syndrome. In the NAFLD spectrum, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis can progress to hepatic fibrosis, especially progressive fibrosis, which can lead to cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the pathogenesis of NAFLD is extremely complex and has not yet been fully elucidated, thus there is a lack of effective treatment. In recent years, the classic "two-hit" hypothesis has been gradually surpassed and supplemented by a great deal of findings, and the "multiple hit" hypothesis has been proposed and is being accepted. The study on the interaction among cellular and molecular mechanisms, environmental and genetic factors has revealed a number of critical targets in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, providing broad directions for the development of diagnostic markers and targeted therapeutic drugs. Here we elaborate the latest advances in understanding the pathogenesis of NAFLD from multiple perspectives, in order to analyze and evaluate the prospect of developing diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets based on those pathogeneses.
Citation: Liu Q, Niu CY. From "two hit theory" to "multiple hit theory": Implications of evolution of pathogenesis concepts for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2019; 27(19): 1171-1178
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