This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Role of ChREBP and its target gene PNPLA3 in pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Ling Ji, Chang-Ping Li
Ling Ji, Chang-Ping Li, Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
Correspondence to: Chang-Ping Li, Professor, Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China. 506854209@qq.com
Received: November 5, 2013 Revised: November 19, 2013 Accepted: November 29, 2013 Published online: January 18, 2014
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinical and pathological syndrome caused by excessive triglyceride accumulation in liver cells. Its hepatic histological changes are similar to those of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), but the patients do not have a history of heavy alcohol drinking. NAFLD includes nonalcoholic simple fatty liver (NASFL), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and nonalcoholic fatty hepatitis related to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. At present, the detailed pathogenesis of NAFLD is unclear. Many studies have reported the relationship between ChREBP and its target gene PNPLA3 and NAFLD occurrence. ChREBP and PNPLA3 are associated with liver fat content and inflammation. This article reviews the role of ChREBP and its target gene PNPLA3 in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, in order to provide a theoretical basis for further research of the occurrence and treatment of NAFLD.
Citation: Ji L, Li CP. Role of ChREBP and its target gene PNPLA3 in pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22(2): 179-183
Bellentani S, Marino M. Epidemiology and natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Ann Hepatol. 2009;8 Suppl 1:S4-S8.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Vernon G, Baranova A, Younossi ZM. Systematic review: the epidemiology and natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in adults.Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;34:274-285.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Fan JG, Saibara T, Chitturi S, Kim BI, Sung JJ, Chutaputti A. What are the risk factors and settings for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Asia-Pacific?J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;22:794-800.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Nannipieri M, Gonzales C, Baldi S, Posadas R, Williams K, Haffner SM, Stern MP, Ferrannini E. Liver enzymes, the metabolic syndrome, and incident diabetes: the Mexico City diabetes study.Diabetes Care. 2005;28:1757-1762.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Yamashita H, Takenoshita M, Sakurai M, Bruick RK, Henzel WJ, Shillinglaw W, Arnot D, Uyeda K. A glucose-responsive transcription factor that regulates carbohydrate metabolism in the liver.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001;98:9116-9121.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Li MV, Chang B, Imamura M, Poungvarin N, Chan L. Glucose-dependent transcriptional regulation by an evolutionarily conserved glucose-sensing module.Diabetes. 2006;55:1179-1189.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Hashimoto K, Ishida E, Matsumoto S, Okada S, Yamada M, Satoh T, Monden T, Mori M. Carbohydrate response element binding protein gene expression is positively regulated by thyroid hormone.Endocrinology. 2009;150:3417-3424.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Krawczyk M, Grünhage F, Zimmer V, Lammert F. Variant adiponutrin (PNPLA3) represents a common fibrosis risk gene: non-invasive elastography-based study in chronic liver disease.J Hepatol. 2011;55:299-306.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Chen W, Chang B, Li L, Chan L. Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3/adiponutrin deficiency in mice is not associated with fatty liver disease.Hepatology. 2010;52:1134-1142.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Kienesberger PC, Oberer M, Lass A, Zechner R. Mammalian patatin domain containing proteins: a family with diverse lipolytic activities involved in multiple biological functions.J Lipid Res. 2009;50 Suppl:S63-S68.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Soni KG, Mardones GA, Sougrat R, Smirnova E, Jackson CL, Bonifacino JS. Coatomer-dependent protein delivery to lipid droplets.J Cell Sci. 2009;122:1834-1841.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Huang Y, He S, Li JZ, Seo YK, Osborne TF, Cohen JC, Hobbs HH. A feed-forward loop amplifies nutritional regulation of PNPLA3.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107:7892-7897.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Valenti L, Alisi A, Galmozzi E, Bartuli A, Del Menico B, Alterio A, Dongiovanni P, Fargion S, Nobili V. I148M patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene variant and severity of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Hepatology. 2010;52:1274-1280.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Kotronen A, Johansson LE, Johansson LM, Roos C, Westerbacka J, Hamsten A, Bergholm R, Arkkila P, Arola J, Kiviluoto T. A common variant in PNPLA3, which encodes adiponutrin, is associated with liver fat content in humans.Diabetologia. 2009;52:1056-1060.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Li X, Zhao Q, Wu K, Fan D. I148M variant of PNPLA3 confer increased risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease not only in European population, but also in Chinese population.Hepatology. 2011;54:2275.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Johansson LE, Lindblad U, Larsson CA, Råstam L, Ridderstråle M. Polymorphisms in the adiponutrin gene are associated with increased insulin secretion and obesity.Eur J Endocrinol. 2008;159:577-583.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Wang CW, Lin HY, Shin SJ, Yu ML, Lin ZY, Dai CY, Huang JF, Chen SC, Li SS, Chuang WL. The PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism is associated with insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a normoglycaemic population.Liver Int. 2011;31:1326-1331.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Rotman Y, Koh C, Zmuda JM, Kleiner DE, Liang TJ. The association of genetic variability in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) with histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Hepatology. 2010;52:894-903.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Trépo E, Gustot T, Degré D, Lemmers A, Verset L, Demetter P, Ouziel R, Quertinmont E, Vercruysse V, Amininejad L. Common polymorphism in the PNPLA3/adiponutrin gene confers higher risk of cirrhosis and liver damage in alcoholic liver disease.J Hepatol. 2011;55:906-912.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Trépo E, Pradat P, Potthoff A, Momozawa Y, Quertinmont E, Gustot T, Lemmers A, Berthillon P, Amininejad L, Chevallier M. Impact of patatin-like phospholipase-3 (rs738409 C& gt; G) polymorphism on fibrosis progression and steatosis in chronic hepatitis C.Hepatology. 2011;54:60-69.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Trepo E, Guyot E, Ganne-Carrie N, Degre D, Gustot T, Franchimont D, Sutton A, Nahon P, Moreno C. PNPLA3 (rs738409 C& gt; G) is a common risk variant associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in alcoholic cirrhosis.Hepatology. 2012;55:1307-1308.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Li Q, Qu HQ, Rentfro AR, Grove ML, Mirza S, Lu Y, Hanis CL, Fallon MB, Boerwinkle E, Fisher-Hoch SP. PNPLA3 polymorphisms and liver aminotransferase levels in a Mexican American population.Clin Invest Med. 2012;35:E237-E245.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Romeo S, Sentinelli F, Cambuli VM, Incani M, Congiu T, Matta V, Pilia S, Huang-Doran I, Cossu E, Loche S. The 148M allele of the PNPLA3 gene is associated with indices of liver damage early in life.J Hepatol. 2010;53:335-338.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Santoro N, Kursawe R, D'Adamo E, Dykas DJ, Zhang CK, Bale AE, Calí AM, Narayan D, Shaw MM, Pierpont B. A common variant in the patatin-like phospholipase 3 gene (PNPLA3) is associated with fatty liver disease in obese children and adolescents.Hepatology. 2010;52:1281-1290.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Valenti L, Al-Serri A, Daly AK, Galmozzi E, Rametta R, Dongiovanni P, Nobili V, Mozzi E, Roviaro G, Vanni E. Homozygosity for the patatin-like phospholipase-3/adiponutrin I148M polymorphism influences liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Hepatology. 2010;51:1209-1217.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Sookoian S, Pirola CJ. Meta-analysis of the influence of I148M variant of patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) on the susceptibility and histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Hepatology. 2011;53:1883-1894.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Basantani MK, Sitnick MT, Cai L, Brenner DS, Gardner NP, Li JZ, Schoiswohl G, Yang K, Kumari M, Gross RW. Pnpla3/Adiponutrin deficiency in mice does not contribute to fatty liver disease or metabolic syndrome.J Lipid Res. 2011;52:318-329.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Kollerits B, Coassin S, Beckmann ND, Teumer A, Kiechl S, Döring A, Kavousi M, Hunt SC, Lamina C, Paulweber B. Genetic evidence for a role of adiponutrin in the metabolism of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins.Hum Mol Genet. 2009;18:4669-4676.
[PubMed] [DOI]